An automatic titrator based on a multicommutated unsegmented flow system

Almeida, Cristina M.N.V.; Lapa, Rui A. S.; Lima, José L.F.C.; Zagatto, Elias A.G.; Araújo, Mário César Ugulino de

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00826-0

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There is a group of flow titration methods that can be considered as a combination of various approaches. Among them is multicommutated continuous flow titration [29][30][31][32][33][34], which can be classified as a method in which the sample is introduced both as a stream and as a segment. This titration, provided that the sum of the volumes of two successive segments remains constant, can be implemented, e.g., by introducing alternately larger segments of the titrant and smaller segments of the sample into the stream of the sample [29][30][31], larger segments of sample, and smaller segments of titrant into the titrant stream [32,33], or by using binary search concepts [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach to Automated Flow Titration for the Determination of Fe(III)

et al. 2020

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A novel approach to automated flow titration with spectrophotometric detection for the determination of Fe(III) is presented. The approach is based on the possibility of strict and simultaneous control of the flow rates of sample and titrant streams over time. It consists of creating different but precisely defined concentration gradients of titrant and analyte in each successively formed monosegments, and is based on using the calculated titrant dilution factor. The procedure was verified by complexometric titration of Fe(III) in the form of a complex with sulfosalicylic acid, using EDTA as a titrant. Fe(III) and Fe(II) (after oxidation to Fe(III) with the use of H2O2) were determined with good precision (CV lower than 1.7%, n = 6) and accuracy ( | RE | lower than 3.3%). The approach was applied to determine Fe(III) and Fe(II) in artesian water samples. Results of determinations were consistent with values obtained using the ICP–OES reference method. Using the procedure, it was possible to perform titration in 6 min for a wide range of analyte concentrations, using 2.4 mL of both sample and titrant.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Approach to Automated Flow Titration for the Determination of Fe(III)

et al. 2020

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“…Online methods for monitoring bicarbonate concentrations have been developed based on sample saturation with carbon dioxide and acidification to convert bicarbonate to carbon dioxide, which is then detected by a gas-pressure or gas flow meter. [5,6] Another titration approach based on a time-based sequential introduction of titrant volumes into a mixing chamber was developed by Almeida et al [7] The titrations were carried out in a multi-commutated flow system, which simulates batch titration procedures. More recently, a new spectrophotometric method based on pH indicators has been used for alkalinity measurements in monitoring different anaerobic digester systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic online buffer capacity (alkalinity) measurement of wastewater using an electrochemical cell

Cheng

Charles

Cord‐Ruwisch

2016

Environmental Technology

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The use of an automatic online electrochemical cell (EC) for measuring the buffer capacity of wastewater is presented. pH titration curves of different solutions (NaHCO 3 , Na 2 HPO 4 , real municipal wastewater, and anaerobic digester liquid) were obtained by conventional chemical titration and compared to the online EC measurements. The results show that the pH titration curves from the EC were comparable to that of the conventional chemical titration. The results show a linear relationship between the response of the online EC detection system and the titrimetric partial alkalinity and total alkalinity of all tested samples. This suggests that an EC can be used as a simple online titration device for monitoring the buffer capacity of different industrial processes including wastewater treatment and anaerobic digestion processes.

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“…Simultaneous automatic determination of acidity [7] and a multi-commutated unsegmented flow system [8] with potentiometric detection are among the methods reported involving continuous flow systems. Batch titrators are usually characterized by a low sample throughput and high implementation cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An on-line potentiometric sequential injection titration process analyser for the determination of acetic acid

Staden

Mashamba

Stefan

2002

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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An on-line potentiometric sequential injection titration process analyser for the determination of acetic acid is proposed. A solution of 0.1 mol L(-1) sodium chloride is used as carrier. Titration is achieved by aspirating acetic acid samples between two strong base-zone volumes into a holding coil and by channelling the stack of well-defined zones with flow reversal through a reaction coil to a potentiometric sensor where the peak widths were measured. A linear relationship between peak width and logarithm of the acid concentration was obtained in the range 1-9 g/100 mL. Vinegar samples were analysed without any sample pre-treatment. The method has a relative standard deviation of 0.4% with a sample frequency of 28 samples per hour. The results revealed good agreement between the proposed sequential injection and an automated batch titration method.

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An automatic titrator based on a multicommutated unsegmented flow system

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Novel Approach to Automated Flow Titration for the Determination of Fe(III)

Novel Approach to Automated Flow Titration for the Determination of Fe(III)

Automatic online buffer capacity (alkalinity) measurement of wastewater using an electrochemical cell

An on-line potentiometric sequential injection titration process analyser for the determination of acetic acid

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