An automatic PNA analyser for (heavy) naphtha

Boer, H.; Arkel, P. van

doi:10.1007/bf02282905

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In petrochemical analysis, a convincing demonstration of the separation power of MDGC was the introduction of the PIONA (paraffins/iso-paraffins/olefins/naphthenes/aromatics) analyser in 1971 [6]. The system comprises up to five (packed and capillary) columns-each optimized to deal with a particular range of compounds, three traps and a reactor in a set-up with six switching valves.…”

Section: Multidimensional Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Adahchour

Brinkman

2014

Practical Gas Chromatography

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Section: Multidimensional Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Adahchour

Brinkman

2014

Practical Gas Chromatography

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“…PIONA analysis was the first industrially significant application of Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. The original instrument, introduced in 1971 [64], has found general acceptance in the petroleum industry [65]. PIONA instruments essentially consist of a series of valves, traps, adsorbers, and reactors.…”

Section: Petroleum Fuels and Environmental Contaminants (Other Thanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Bertsch

1999

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

185

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The writer of this review published in 1978 a three‐part article on two‐dimensional gas chromatography in the first three issues of this journal [1]. The review was written at a time when capillary column GC was still in its infancy. Commercial columns were (essentially) unavailable and sample introduction into capillary columns was done exclusively in the split mode. Two‐dimensional separations were explored in only a few laboratories. The limitations of capillary column technology made this exercise rather difficult. The introduction of fused silica capillary columns in the early eighties drastically changed the landscape in which gas chromatography was practiced. It took the chromatographic community just a few years to convert from packed columns to capillary columns. Instrumentation and accessories specifically designed for capillary column use came onto the market. This writer had great hopes that the revolution in capillary column GC would be mirrored in the development of instrumentation for Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. This never materialized. On the contrary, tentative steps taken by a few manufacturers and suppliers of chromatographic equipment fizzled out. It was perhaps the introduction of relatively inexpensive and user friendly GC/MS instrumentation, in combination with nearly indestructible fused silica capillary columns that took away the incentive to develop commercially viable Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Much of the thinking went like this: why insist on good chromatography if mass spectrometry can do the job without the need for complete separation. Some progress in the further development of conventional Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography has certainly been made over the last 20 years but there has not been a great deal of excitement. Applications have also been relatively sparse and they are limited to just a few areas. Science does not remain static and chromatography is no exception. Progress in gas chromatography is driven by new technology and ideas. Substantial improvements in two‐dimensional GC were not forthcoming until Phillips and his research group introduced and implemented an entirely new form of Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography, called comprehensive two‐dimensional GC, or GC×GC. This breakthrough occurred only in 1991 [2]. It does take some time before scientists change attitudes and habits. There is always a time lag between the introduction of new technology and its general acceptance. The public's attitude toward comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography is probably no exception. The number of scientists who are actively pursuing this new branch of gas chromatography is still very small. It is often a single individual who carries the torch. J.B. Phillips' name is synonymous with comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Gas Chromatography. He is not only its inventor and proponent but his fertile mind has initiated research in other related areas. Sadly, he passed away shortly before this review was written. This contribution is dedicated to his memory.

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“…[47] described the principle of an automated analyzer in 1971. Aromatic hydrocarbons are separated from the paraffin/ naphthene fraction on the basis of polarity.…”

Section: Figure 7bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods in high resolution gas chromatography. Two‐dimensional techniques

Bertsch

1978

J. High Resol. Chromatogr.

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Basic methodology to effect the separation of complex samples by gas chromatography is discussed from an experimental point of view. Several possibilities are presented which are commonly used to enhance the information content of a gas chromatographic run. These include incorporation of more than one set of retention data, multiple detectors, and special column switching techniques. These and other techniques have sometimes been labeled "multidimensional" in the literature. An attempt is made to define the term "two-dimensional chromatography."The review is divided into sections which point out the different directions which have been taken to deconvolute chromatographically unresolved components. Particular emphasis is placed on technology which is capable of dealing with samples of extreme complexity, and instrumentation for trace-and ultratrace analysis is dicussed with specific examples. The future of two-dimensional techniques in gas chromatography is looked into.

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An automatic PNA analyser for (heavy) naphtha

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Multidimensional and Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Applications - Part 1: Fundamentals, Conventional Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, Selected Applications

Methods in high resolution gas chromatography. Two‐dimensional techniques

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