An Automatic Apparatus for Simultaneous Measurement of Seebeck Coefficient and Electrical Resistivity

Abstract

A fully automated experimental system was designed for simultaneous measurement of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity of thermoelectric materials in bulk form. The system incorporates a straightforward and easily fabricated sample holder along with commercially available electronic instrument components. The sample holder showcases a compact design that utilizes two Peltier module heaters to induce sample heating and generate the required temperature gradient. System automation and control are achieved through the implementation of a LabView program. The Seebeck voltage and resistance of the sample (under specified temperature conditions) are determined using I–V measurements. The Seebeck voltage and resistance of the sample correspond to the intercept and slope of the I–V characteristic diagram in the four-point probe method, respectively. To verify the accuracy and reliability of the developed apparatus, a variety of experiments were performed on N-type and P-type bismuth telluride samples. The measurement results closely matched those obtained from commercial systems, with an overall data difference of less than 10% for both the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity measurements.

A simple DIY electrical resistivity apparatus for students

“…The electric resistivity is an important parameter and its measurement is a first step in material's research for device applications [1,3]. Numerous well-known commercial as well as home-build equipments are available to perform these measurements [4][5][6][7]. In this article, we report a very simple and low-cost apparatus based on four-probe method.…”