An automated multi‐calorimeter system: Preliminary experiments on laying hens

The energy metabolism of mature male turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) was determined in a computer-controlled indirect multi-calorimeter system of which the design and operation are described. Daily heat production did not change significantly during an initial 6-d period in the calorimeter chambers. Food intake was at first sufficient to promote a rate of energy retention significantly greater than zero, but decreased to give negative energy retention on day 6; mean energy retention for the whole 6-day period was significantly greater than zero. Heat production was affected little by fasting for 72 h, although the respiratory quotient decreased to 0.72 within 48 h; the heat increment of feeding was therefore small (about 5% of metabolisable energy). Fasting heat production, scaled on metabolic body size (bodyweight in kg)0.75, was similar to that of mature male domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Heat production after refeeding was similar to that recorded during the 6 d before fasting. There was a pronounced circadian rhythmicity of heat production in both fed and fasted birds.

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“…Air-conditioning and gas-sampling techniques are similar to those in the 5 smaller chambers for fowls described by Lundy et al (1978).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Macleod

Lundy

Jewitt

1985

British Poultry Science

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“…This suggests that it is easier to adjust to average rather than more extreme temperatures. Energy expenditure also showed circadian rhythmicity, being higher during the day than at night (Lundy et al, 1978;MacLeod et al, 1980a). This has been shown to be due mainly to increased activity (MacLeod et al, 1982), controlled by the lighting cycle (MacLeod et al, 1980a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Here they were provided with the same food, temperature and lighting conditions as found in the larger chamber from which they came. Gas exchange was measured on the second day, using the system described by Lundy et al (1978) and MacLeod et al (1985).…”

Section: Experiments 1 -Daily Variation In Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in temperature increases the cost of living in birds

Pendlebury

Macleod

Bryant

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The effect of temperature variability on laying birds was studied experimentally, using Japanese quail. Two aspects of temperature variability were investigated: the effects of regular daily variation in temperature, and of a sudden change in temperature. Both of these may become more common as a consequence of climate change. These manipulations were carried out at two levels of food supply. Energy expenditure increased with higher daily temperature variation, and also after a sudden change in temperature, taking several days to settle to a constant level. Manipulating daily temperature variation also resulted in smaller eggs being laid under more variable temperatures, when food quality was also low. The results demonstrate that day-to-day variation in temperature, as well as mean temperature, affects energy expenditure, which can have consequences for egg production.

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“…In domestic animals, controversial effects of training to respiration chamber stays on O 2 consumption were described. In pigs (Gray and McCracken 1980) and turkeys (MacLeod et al 1985), training had no effect, and in chicken training even led to an increase in O 2 consumption because individuals accustomed to the respiration chamber increased their food intake (Lundy et al 1978). The question to which extent habituation of nondomestic species to the respiration chamber will influence results, even when using only low readings after an adaptation period of several hours, remains to be specifically investigated.…”

Section: Considerations On Metabolic Measurements With Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Metabolic rates of three gazelle species (Nanger soemmerringii, Gazella gazella, Gazella spekei) adapted to arid habitats

Dittmann¹,

Hebel²,

Arif³

et al. 2015

Mammalian Biology

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The basal metabolic rate of mammals correlates with body mass, but deviations from this regression have been observed and explanations comprise ecological adaptations, reproductive strategies or phylogeny. Certain mammalian groups, adapted to arid environments, show comparatively lower metabolic rates. To expand existing datasets and to investigate metabolic rates in ruminants adapted to arid environments, we conducted respiration measurements with three gazelle species (Gazella spekei, G. gazella and N. soemmerringii, total n = 16). After an adaptation period to a diet of fresh lucerne offered ad libitum, subjects were put separately into respiration boxes for 24 h where they had free access to food and water. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were measured with a modular system of gas analyzers and pumps. Mean and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were calculated by accounting for the entire measurement phase or the lowest 20 oxygen measurements, respectively. N. soemmerringii had the lowest relative RMR values and the highest respiratory coefficients compared to the other species. Measured values were compared to expected RMR values calculated based on body mass. Gazella spekei and G. gazella showed higher RMR values than expected, while the RMR of N. soemmerringii was in the range of expected values. Our results indicate that not all mammals adapted to aridity have lower metabolic rates under conditions of unlimited resources and that in these cases other physiological adaptations might be of higher importance. Further extensions of the datasets could allow explaining which deviations of metabolic rate from the body mass regressions result from convergent adaptations.

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An automated multi‐calorimeter system: Preliminary experiments on laying hens

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Heat production by the mature male turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Preliminary measurements in an automated, indirect, open‐circuit multi‐calorimeter system

Variation in temperature increases the cost of living in birds

Metabolic rates of three gazelle species (Nanger soemmerringii, Gazella gazella, Gazella spekei) adapted to arid habitats

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