An automated method for producing synoptic regional maps of river gradient variation: Procedure, accuracy tests, and comparison with other knickpoint mapping methods

Gonga-Saholiariliva, Nahossio; Gunnell, Yanni; Harbor, David; Méring, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.07.013

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…The Sl index is used for the quantitative classification of stream gradient conditions and the assessment of the relationship between imminent tectonic activity, rock, resistance, topography, and stream length (Hack, ; Goldrick & Bishop, ; Pérez‐Peña et al, ; Gonga‐Saholiariliva, Gunnell, Harbor, & Mering, , Troiani, Galve, Piacentini, Della Seta, & Guerrero, ; Troiani & Seta, ). It is expressed as

italicSl = ((), \frac{Δ H}{Δ L}) * L,

where Δ H is the change in elevation, and Δ L is the change in length of the stream.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

et al. 2019

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Peninsular India is an amalgam of transient landscapes evolved from the interactions between tectonic and climatic forcings. In order to appraise the tectono‐geomorphic evolution of South India, it is essential to understand the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic processes and their geomorphic expressions at a river basin scale. Seven geomorphometric parameters, namely, longitudinal profile (Lp), asymmetry factor (Af), hypsometric curve and hypsometric integral (HI), mountain front sinuosity (Smf), river sinuosity (R), stream length gradient (Sl), and shape factor (Shp) were calculated for selected drainage basins of South India. Spatial analyses of these parameters in the light of systematic field mapping were attempted in this study. The results show the occurrences of southern sub‐basins with convex hypsometric curves indicating a youth stage and significant tectonic influence. The low and moderate Smf values within the basins are indicative of mountain fronts witnessing a high level of tectonic activity. The net effects of tectonic and geomorphometric processes are inferred to have been the responses of anti‐clockwise rotation of the Indian Plate and ridge uplift‐push from west. Directional change in Thamirabarani River Basin and drainage channel reorganizations in the Cauvery and Vaigai River basins stand testimony to these, among others. Amidst these, occurrences of tectonically quiescent regions and multiple incisions by river channels and flow of modern river channels in inherited palaeovalleys but on tangent directions of ancient flows are also observed. Five stages of landscape development are envisaged: First, inheritance of river basins from palaeodrainage systems; second, reversal of river flow directions during early part of Cenozoic and inception of evolution of modern river systems; third, during Miocene–Pliocene; fourth, during Pleistocene–Early Holocene; and fifth, during the Holocene–Anthropocene. The recent resurgence of tectonics is not only reflected in the shifting of axial rivers, but is also evidenced by seismicity and landslides/faulting. Together, transient nature of the Southern Indian Plate, first‐order control of tectonics, followed by climate and lithology over landscape evolution, inheritance of river valleys, synonymy of river basin responses to intrinsic and extrinsic geomorphic processes, however with unique signatures and basin‐scale responses, are inferred. Detailed morphometric studies and supplementation with precise age data may fine‐tune the proposed model. According to the model, inheritance of Mesozoic valley/structures during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, drainage reversal and initiation of Cenozoic–Recent river basin evolution, intense peneplanation during Miocene–Pliocene, intense incision during Pleistocene, periodic climatic extremes during Early Cenozoic, Palaeocene–Eocene, Oligocene and corresponding pedogenesis, and terrace formation and sedimentation have been recognized. Based on the numerical ages and documentation of basin‐scale distribution of s...

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italicSl = ((), \frac{Δ H}{Δ L}) * L,

where Δ H is the change in elevation, and Δ L is the change in length of the stream.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

et al. 2019

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“…More detailed error analyses, however, reveal the spatial variability of height errors in DEMs (Gorokhovich and Voustianiouk, 2006;Scherler et al, 2008). Global accuracy statistics are thus often insufficient for information about the uncertainties of DEMs (Carlisle, 2005) and may lead to grave underestimation of the uncertainties in DEM-based modeling results (Canters et al, 2002;Hancock et al, 2006;Nardi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Dem Artifacts and The Longitudinal River Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on longitudinal river profiles are usually derived from digital elevation models (DEMs; Gonga-Saholiariliva et al, 2011;Wobus et al, 2006). Different sensors and techniques, such as radar imaging, stereoscopy of optical imagery, terrestrial and airborne laser scanning, and structure from motion (SfM), provide DEMs at ever-increasing spatial resolution with unprecedented coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques

2017

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Abstract. The analysis of longitudinal river profiles is an important tool for studying landscape evolution. However, characterizing river profiles based on digital elevation models (DEMs) suffers from errors and artifacts that particularly prevail along valley bottoms. The aim of this study is to characterize uncertainties that arise from the analysis of river profiles derived from different, near-globally available DEMs. We devised new algorithmsquantile carving and the CRS algorithm -that rely on quantile regression to enable hydrological correction and the uncertainty quantification of river profiles. We find that globally available DEMs commonly overestimate river elevations in steep topography. The distributions of elevation errors become increasingly wider and right skewed if adjacent hillslope gradients are steep. Our analysis indicates that the AW3D DEM has the highest precision and lowest bias for the analysis of river profiles in mountainous topography. The new 12 m resolution TanDEM-X DEM has a very low precision, most likely due to the combined effect of steep valley walls and the presence of water surfaces in valley bottoms. Compared to the conventional approaches of carving and filling, we find that our new approach is able to reduce the elevation bias and errors in longitudinal river profiles.

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“…Gravimetric geophysical surveys within the main basins allowed to reconstruct the bedrock top surfaces and to evaluate the thickness of the Quaternary clastic infills. Geo-morphometric analysis of drainage network (Hack 1973;Bull 2007;Troiani and Della Seta 2008;Gonga-Saholiariliva et al 2011) and geostatistical analyses of topography (Della Troiani and Della Seta 2011;Molin et al 2012) were completed to unravel, at the regional scale, the distribution of anomalies in the fluvial incision and relief erosion related to the activity of the fault system at this key sector of the central Apennines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphotectonic characterization of the quaternary intermontane basins of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Italy)

Aringoli

Cavitolo

Farabollini

et al. 2014

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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In the axial zone of the Umbria-Marche Apennines, several fault-bounded intermontane basins (i.e., Colfiorito, Norcia, Castelluccio, and Leonessa) were generated at the end of Lower Pleistocene. The analysis of the master fault of the basins, the relicts of planation surfaces and the drainage network arrangements, allowed us the improvement of knowledge on the Pleistocene morphotectonic evolution of those basins.\ud Morphometry and geostatistics of the topography have been performed to obtain indexes suitable for assessing the role of faults displacements on the landscape development. Furthermore, a gravimetric analysis realized along some basins has furnished new data on their sedimentary infill. The basins are filled by Pleistocene to Holocene fluvial-lacustrine coarse-grained deposits, and the bedrock consists of Jurassic to Miocene\ud limestone and marls belonging to the Umbria-Marche succession. Several historical and instrumental highly destructive earthquakes occurred in this area: January 14, 1703 (X MCS, M = 6.6); September 19, 1979 (Ms = 5.9, focal depth of 6–8 km); September 26, 1997 (Mw = 6.0, focal depth of 6–8 km). Faults and earthquake focal mechanisms are compatible with a predominant NE–SW extension, but strike-slip and reverse mechanisms have been also documented. The fault activity appears to have had a predominant role in controlling the sedimentation processes inside the intermontane basins, as well as in controlling their Pliocene to Quaternary evolution

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An automated method for producing synoptic regional maps of river gradient variation: Procedure, accuracy tests, and comparison with other knickpoint mapping methods

Cited by 23 publications

References 66 publications

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

Tectono‐morphological evolution of the Cauvery, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani River basins: Implications on timing, stratigraphic markers, relative roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and transience of Southern Indian landscape

Bumps in river profiles: uncertainty assessment and smoothing using quantile regression techniques

Morphotectonic characterization of the quaternary intermontane basins of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (Italy)

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