An automated eye movement recording system for use with human infants

Hainline, Louise

doi:10.3758/bf03201866

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We usually ask the parent to hold the infant on his/her lap, which is a position that most infants seem to prefer. However, if the height ofthe apparatus can be adjusted easily, infants can also be held looking backward over the parent's shoulder, as in Hainline's (Hainline, 1981;Hainline & Abramov, 1992) system. Each infant sees a sequence of stimulus presentations (e.g., a recording ofa mechanical monkey that claps a pair ofcymbals).…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Older infants are more comfortable seated upright in an infant seat or in proximity to an adult, which allows considerable range of head movement. In Hainline's (1981;Hainline & Abramov, 1992) system, the infant is held on an experimenter's shoulder, facing backward. The experimenter faces forward and observes the infant's eyes in a monitor to keep the infant in camera range.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A simple system for monitoring the timing of infant gaze to stimuli at specific locations

Reznick

Chawarska

Betts

et al. 1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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A system for monitoring the timing of infant gazes to specific locations is described. Infants sit on a parent's lap in a dark room and observe videotaped stimuli presented on one of four monitors. Infrared (IR) light sources provide illumination for an IR-sensitive video camera and are positioned so that the infant's direction of gaze can be readily apprehended on the basis of the reflections of the IR light sources relative to the infant's pupil. The parent monitors the infant's eyes through a headmounted display and keeps the infant in view of the video camera. Direction and timing of gaze shifts can be coded from frame-by-frame inspection of the videotape. We demonstrate that this coding is relatively accurate and that the present system provides some advantages over coding gaze direction on the basis of an unembellished video recording.

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Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple system for monitoring the timing of infant gaze to stimuli at specific locations

Reznick

Chawarska

Betts

et al. 1997

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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“…In this paper, wediscuss the general effects of a system's bandwidth and noise on the measurement of these twoparameters of fast EMs. As an example, we present the results of a dynamic calibration of a TV-based, infrared, corneal-reflex system (Hainline, 1981) for the measurement of PV. Although this kind of instrument is certainly less than ideal for recording fast EMs, it has.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…There is also a large body of literature on the relationship between reading and EMs (e.g., Levy-Schoen & O' Regan, 1979). Furthermore, EM measurement is beginning to be usedin the developmental studyof the human infant (Aslin & Salapatek, 1975;Hainline, 1981). Each application of EM measurements has its own technological priorities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Instrument considerations in measuring fast eye movements

Harris

Abramov

Hainl

1984

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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The dynamic limitations of eye movement recorders can distort the measurement of fast eye movements such as saccades and nystagmic quick phases. In this paper, the effects of the bandwidth and noise of recording methods and the problems incurred by digital sampling are discussed theoretically with respect to the measurement of peak velocity and duration offast eye movements. As a practical example, a TV-based infrared corneal reflex system is examined and a method for calibrating it for peak velocity measurement is described.The measurement of eye movements (EMs) is becoming increasingly relevant in fields other than those concerned with the analysis of the oculomotor system itself. For example, correlations between unusual EMs and neurological pathologies have been made by Hamann (1979) and Zee, Optican, Cook, Robinson, and Engel (1976). There is also a large body of literature on the relationship between reading and EMs (e.g., Levy-Schoen & O' Regan, 1979). Furthermore, EM measurement is beginning to be usedin the developmental studyof the human infant (Aslin & Salapatek, 1975;Hainline, 1981). Each application of EM measurements has its own technological priorities. Some research questions require that the measuring system have great speed and resolution, whereas others require that intrusiveness upon the subject be minimized. In most current systems, there is a tradeoff among resolution, intrusiveness, and, of course, cost.The various instruments and their meritshave been discussed elsewhere (e.g., see Young & Sheena, 1975, for a comprehensive review). However, for efficientprogress, it is essential to be able to compare data from different instruments in different settings. To this end, McConkie (1981) stressed the need for investigators to report the quality of their data, such as sampling rate, drift, noise, accuracy, and short-and long-term repeatability. But such reporting necessitates an intimate understanding of one's EM recording instrument.The needfor calibrating an instrument so that the direction of the subject's eyeis precisely mapped onto stimulus space is self-evident, and there are various schemes for doing this (Bullinger & Kaufmann, 1977) Goldman-Rakic, 1981).It is less appreciated, though, that even an accurate mapping procedure does notcalibrate the instrument for all purposes. For example, during measurement of fast EMs such as saccades or nystagmic quick phases, the bandwidth and noise of the recording system can degrade the recording of dynamic responses. The most commonly used parameters for describing fast EMs are peak velocity (PV) and duration. In this paper, wediscuss the general effects of a system's bandwidth and noise on the measurement of these twoparameters of fast EMs. As an example, we present the results of a dynamic calibration of a TV-based, infrared, corneal-reflex system (Hainline, 1981) for the measurement of PV. Although this kind of instrument is certainly less than ideal for recording fast EMs, it has. the advantage of being nonintrusive to the subject, which makes...

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“…[1][2][3] In EOG, electrodes are placed around the eyes to detect changes in the corneal-retinal potential as the eyes move. EOG is the most useful for recording horizontal eye movements and has a resolution of one to two degree^.^ EOG is a head-fixed system because it records eye position relative to the head regardless of where the head is pointing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The objective assessment of abnormal eye movements in infants and young children

Jacobs¹,

Harris²,

Shawkat³

et al. 1992

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology

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Recordings of eye movements from infants and young children can be of clinical value in patients with certain neuro-ophthalmological problems. This requires that the characteristics of normal eye movements in this same age-group are known. Using an electro-oculographic technique in a specially developed laboratory we have been able to assess the saccades, binocular and monocular smooth pursuit, binocular and monocular optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), and sustained vestibular rotation in infants and young children; these recordings were performed in one session lasting approximately 35 minutes. The recordings from four children with abnormal eye movements (delayed visual maturation, hemicerebral cyst, congenital ocular motor apraxia, and gaze-paretic nystagmus) are briefly reported and compared to normal eye movements of age-related children. The limitations of this procedure are discussed.Key words: Infants, optokinetic nystagmus, saccades, smooth pursuit.Reproducible and objective eye movement recordings are of value in certain patients with neuro-ophthalmological problems. There are, however, methodological and interpretive problems in recording eye movements from the very young patient.

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An automated eye movement recording system for use with human infants

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

A simple system for monitoring the timing of infant gaze to stimuli at specific locations

A simple system for monitoring the timing of infant gaze to stimuli at specific locations

Instrument considerations in measuring fast eye movements

The objective assessment of abnormal eye movements in infants and young children

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