CorrespondenceGiorgia Milotta, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St Thomas' Hospital (3rd Floor, Lambeth Wing), Westminster Bridge Rd, Purpose: To develop a motion-corrected 3D flow-insensitive imaging approach interleaved T 2 prepared-inversion recovery (iT 2 prep-IR) for simultaneous lumen and wall visualization of the great thoracic vessels and cardiac structures. Methods: A 3D flow-insensitive approach for simultaneous cardiovascular lumen and wall visualization (iT 2 prep) has been previously proposed. This approach requires subject-dependent weighted subtraction to completely null the arterial blood signal in the black-blood volume. Here, we propose an (T 2 prep-IR) approach to improve wall visualization and remove need for weighted subtraction. The proposed sequence is based on the acquisition and direct subtraction of 2 interleaved 3D whole-heart data sets acquired with and without T 2 prep-IR preparation. Image navigators are acquired before data acquisition to enable 2D translational and 3D non-rigid motion correction allowing 100% respiratory scan efficiency. The proposed approach was evaluated in 10 healthy subjects and compared with the conventional 2D double inversion recovery (DIR) sequence and the 3D iT 2 prep sequence.Additionally, 5 patients with congenital heart disease were acquired to test the clinical feasibility of the proposed approach. Results: The proposed iT 2 prep-IR sequence showed improved blood nulling compared to both DIR and iT 2 prep techniques in terms of SNR (SNR blood = 6.9, 12.2, and 18.2, respectively) and contrast-to-noise-ratio 15.4, and 15.3, respectively). No statistical difference was observed between iT 2 prep-IR, iT 2 prep and DIR atrial and ventricular wall thickness quantification. Conclusion: The proposed interleaved T 2 prep-IR sequence enables the simultaneous lumen and wall visualization of cardiac structures and shows promising results in terms of SNR, CNR, and wall thickness measurement.
K E Y W O R D S3D whole-heart, black-blood atrial wall, black-blood vessel wall, bright-blood cardiac anatomy, interleaved T 2 prep-IR, respiratory motion correction