An autochthonous glossopterid flora with latest Permian palynomorphs and its depositional setting in the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the southern Karoo Basin, South Africa

Prevec, Rose; Gastaldo, Robert A.; Neveling, Johann; Reid, Samuel B.; Looy, Cindy V.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.03.052

Cited by 70 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Detailed palaeobotanical studies based on the well-preserved plant fossils date back to the early 20 th century (Etheridge, 1901;Leslie, 1903). Subsequent work was done by the likes of Plumstead (1952Plumstead ( , 1956Plumstead ( , 1957Plumstead ( , 1958Plumstead ( , 1969, Lacy et al (1974), Kovács-Endrödy (1976, Anderson and Anderson (1985), Rayner and Coventry (1985), Adendorff (2005), Bordy and Prevec (2008), Claasen (2008), Prevec et al (2008Prevec et al ( , 2009Prevec et al ( , 2010 and Prevec (2011).…”

Section: Vryheid Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective

Hancox

Götz

2014

International Journal of Coal Geology

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Highlights• South Africa's Coalfields are presented.• The role of Gondwanan coals as palaeoclimate archives is stated.• Future research fields include palynology, sequence stratigraphy, basin fill. AbstractFor well over a century and a half coal has played a vital role in South Africa's economy and currently bituminous coal is the primary energy source for domestic electricity generation, as well as being the feedstock for the production of a substantial percentage of the country's liquid fuels. It furthermore provides a considerable source of foreign revenue from exports.Based on geographic considerations, and variations in the sedimentation, origin, formation, distribution and quality of the coals, 19 coalfields are generally recognised in South Africa. This paper provides an updated review of their exploration and exploitation histories, general geology, and coal seam nomenclature and coal qualities. Within the various coalfields autocyclic variability is the norm rather than the exception, whereas allocyclic variability is much less so, and allows for the correlation of genetically related sequences. During the mid-Jurassic break up of Gondwana most of the coals bearing successions were intruded by dolerite. These intrusions are important as they may cause devolatilisation and burning of the coal, create structural disturbances and related seam correlation problems, and difficulties in mining operations.Whilst many of the coalfields have been extensively explored and exploited, those in the north of the country have until recently received much less attention. Four coalfields occur partly or wholly within the Limpopo Province of South Africa and these may contain as much as 70% of South Africa's remaining coal resources. These coalfields in particular have been the focus of recent exploration due to the presence of large coking and thermal coal resources, as well as for their coal bed methane potential, resources that need to be unlocked regards to maximum benefit and minimal environmental degradation. South Africa's coals have been also recently addressed as palaeoclimate archives recording Gondwana's postglacial climate amelioration by major changes in land plant communities, and proving high-resolution palyno-stratigraphy as a crucial tool to decipher climate change during the Permo-Carboniferous. This aspect of the coals of South Africa is also reviewed.

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Section: Vryheid Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective

Hancox

Götz

2014

International Journal of Coal Geology

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“…Perhaps the most direct research on Permian plant-animal interactions comes from studies of the trophic relationships between herbivorous terrestrial arthropods and vascular plants. These studies span the early Permian of Texas (Schachat et al, 2014; the early and middle Permian of southeastern Brazil (Adami-Rodrigues et al, 2004a, 2004b; the late Permian to late Triassic of the Karoo Basin of South Africa (Prevec et al, 2009(Prevec et al, , 2010Labandeira et al, 2017) and the early Permian to Middle Triassic of the Dolomites, northeastern Italy (Wappler et al, 2015;Labandeira et al, 2016). The patterns emerging from this research provide an important baseline for understanding changes in plant-animal interactions across the Permo-Triassic transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Here we focus on the four biostratigraphic assemblage zones spanning the latest Capitanian to Changhsingian (Rubidge et al, 2013;Day et al, 2015;Gastaldo et al, 2015), at which time the Karoo was located around 60-65°S latitude (Scotese, 2003;Stampfli and Borel, 2004;Blakey, 2008). The depositional environment varies from large meandering channel belts to a network of numerous smaller channels with low sinuosity, punctuated by episodes of overbank sedimentation (e.g., Smith et al, 1993;Catuneanu et al, 2005;Prevec et al, 2010;Smith and Botha-Brink, 2014). The late Permian Karoo climate is generally reconstructed as arid (Retallack et al, 2003(Retallack et al, , 2006Ward et al, 2005), although Cuneo (1996) suggested a temperate climate with a strong dry season, based on the absence of peat-forming horizons.…”

Section: South Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant fossil assemblages have been described from the Germanic Basin (mostly Germany and England; e.g., Stoneley, 1958;Haubold and Schaumberg, 1985;Schweitzer, 1986;Uhl and Kerp, 2002 and ref. therein), Italy (e.g., Visscher et al, 2001;Kustatscher et al, 2012Kustatscher et al, , 2014; Oman and Jordan (Berthelin et al, 2003;Kerp, 2006;Hamad et al, 2008), China (Sun, 2006;Deng et al, 2009), Brazil (Archangelsky, 1986;Rösler, 1989, 2000;Langer et al, 2008), Antarctica (McLoughlin et al, 1997;Manus et al, 2002), South Africa (Anderson and Anderson, 1985;Prevec et al, 2009Prevec et al, , 2010, Laos (Bercovici et al, 2012), and Australia (Beattie, 2007). Notably, the lack of plant and animal fossil co-occurrence, or alternatively their extremely low diversity, prevents the full reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems for most of these sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the lack of plant and animal fossil co-occurrence, or alternatively their extremely low diversity, prevents the full reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems for most of these sites. Complex and structured terrestrial ecosystems have been reconstructed so far only from South Africa (Karoo Basin; e.g., Gastaldo et al, 2005;Prevec et al, 2009Prevec et al, , 2010Nicolas and Rubidge, 2010;Smith et al, 2012), Russia (Southern Urals; e.g., Benton et al, 2004;Sahney and Benton, 2008) and China (Ordos and Yunggur Basins; Lucas, 2001), although co-occurring plant and animal remains are available also from other sites (see below).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Permian (Lopingian) Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Global Comparison With New Data From the Low Latitude Bletterbach Biota

Petti¹,

Bernardi²,

Kustatscher³

et al. 2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Keywords:Tetrapoda flora phytoprovinces plant-insect interactions climate endemism latitudinal diversity gradient A B S T R A C TThe late Palaeozoic is a pivotal period for the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems. Generalised warming and aridification trends resulted in profound floral and faunal turnover as well as increased levels of endemism. The patchiness of well-preserved, late Permian terrestrial ecosystems, however, complicates attempts to reconstruct a coherent, global scenario. In this paper, we provide a new reconstruction of the Bletterbach Biota (Southern Alps, NE Italy), which constitutes a unique, low-latitude record of Lopingian life on land. We also integrate floral, faunal (from skeletal and footprint studies), and plant-insect interaction data, as well as global climatic interpretations, to compare the composition of the 14 best-known late Permian ecosystems. The results of this ecosystem-scale analysis provide evidence for a strong correlation between the distribution of the principal clades of tetrapod herbivores (dicynodonts, pareiasaurs, captorhinids), phytoprovinces and climatic latitudinal zonation. We show that terrestrial ecosystems were structured and provincialised at high taxonomic levels by climate regions, and that latitudinal distribution is a key predictor of ecosystem compositional affinity. A latitudinal diversity gradient characterised by decreasing richness towards higher latitudes is apparent: mid-to lowlatitude ecosystems had the greatest amount of high-level taxonomic diversity, whereas those from high latitudes were dominated by small numbers of higher taxa. The high diversities of tropical ecosystems stem from their inclusion of a mixture of late-occurring holdovers from the early Permian, early members of clades that come to prominence in the Triassic, and contemporary taxa that are also represented in higher latitude assemblages. A variety of evidence suggests that the Permian tropics acted as both a cradle (an area with high origination rates) and museum (an area with low extinction rates) for biodiversity.

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Taphonomy

2016

Paleoecology

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An autochthonous glossopterid flora with latest Permian palynomorphs and its depositional setting in the Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the southern Karoo Basin, South Africa

Cited by 70 publications

References 65 publications

South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective

South Africa's coalfields — A 2014 perspective

Late Permian (Lopingian) Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Global Comparison With New Data From the Low Latitude Bletterbach Biota

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