An Audit Report on Bacterial Meningintis among Children Admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Kalokola, Festus; Mwakagile, Davis; Mwamtemi, Hadija; Msangi, V; Kabengula, E; Kimambo, Ronald; Haule, E

doi:10.4314/tmj.v22i1.39210

Cited by 1 publication

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“…3,15 However, in Taiwan 23 and Niger state, 24 E. coli was the second most common bacterial isolate; it has also been infrequently reported in Bangladesh, 17 Nigeria, 12,25 Ghana 14 and in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 7 The identification of higher predominance of E. coli in the current study may also be related to the young age group in which E. coli is predominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…S. pneumonia is one of the most common bacteria that cause meningitis in Africa, as shown in studies in Ghana, 14 Nigeria, 12 and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 7 The introduction of the Hib and PCV vaccines in 2009 and 2013, respectively, in the Tanzania EPI programme may have played a role in the low detection of S. pneumonia and H. influenza observed in this study. In this study, also we observed good vaccination coverage according to age, similar to national coverage levels, with the except of measles, where the coverage was higher (95%) compared to national estimate (90%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…In Tanzania, the most common aetiology previously reported in children include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella species (spp.). 6,7 However, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Neisseria meningitidis have also been reported, but at lower rates. 7 A study in Tanzania showed that among children admitted with fever, meningitis contributed to 0.2% and malaria to 10.5% 8 of the cases, while another study showed a prevalence of suspected meningitis being 9.6%, with bacteriological confirmed meningitis of 5.6%, 61% of those cases were children less than 12 months of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7 However, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, and Neisseria meningitidis have also been reported, but at lower rates. 7 A study in Tanzania showed that among children admitted with fever, meningitis contributed to 0.2% and malaria to 10.5% 8 of the cases, while another study showed a prevalence of suspected meningitis being 9.6%, with bacteriological confirmed meningitis of 5.6%, 61% of those cases were children less than 12 months of age. 7 Despite following the recommended management for treating bacterial meningitis, we still find some children ending up with serious neurological consequences and death, suggesting the possibility that the causative microbes in our setting might have developed resistance to the antimicrobial agents that we are using, specifically, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and ceftriaxone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…each represented 22.5% of the deaths. 7 In 2009 and 2013, the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) introduced the H. influenzae (Hib) vaccine and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), respectively, to prevent S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, which are among the major causes of meningitis in children. In Tanzania, the vaccination status for these vaccines shows good coverage for the last doses of Hib3 (97%), PCV3 (96%), polio (93%), and measles vaccination (90%) as reported in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence, Aetiological Agents, and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Meningitis Among Children Receiving Care at KCMC Referral Hospital in Tanzania

Abdallah

Philemon

Kadri

et al. 2018

EAHRJ

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Background: Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that occurs in response to bacteria, causing a significant number of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in newborns and people living in low-income countries. Diagnosis of bacterial meningitis combines a high index of clinical suspicion and laboratory confirmation through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Despite antibiotic treatment, mortality remains high and many children end with longterm consequences, which include neurological deficits, hearing loss, and cognitive impairment.Objective: To determine prevalence, aetiological agents, and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among children aged less than 13 years with bacterial meningitis at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi, Tanzania.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study carried out in the KCMC paediatric ward . In total, 161 children aged less than 13 years suspected of having meningitis were consecutively recruited. Each child submitted to a lumber puncture and CSF collected for microscopy, cultures, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, a latex agglutination test, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. PCR was run on 129 of the selected CSF samples. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and laboratory data sheet. Aetiological agents were identified, and antibiotic sensitivity was tested. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 20.0.Results: Overall, 24 children had confirmation of having acute bacterial meningitis. Of the 161 participants, Gram stain and culture identified 4 (2.5%) children; whereas, of the 129 samples tested using the PCR, infection was confirmed in 24 (18.6%) children. Escherichia coli (n=18) was the most common organism isolated followed by Listeria monocytogenes (n=3), Streptococcus pneumonia (n=1), Group B Streptococcus (n=1), and Klebsiella species (spp.) (n=1). With the exception of Klebsiella spp., the isolated organisms were sensitive to the following commonly used antibiotics: ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, and cephalosporin.Conclusion: PCR yielded more organisms. E. coli was the most common organism and was sensitive to the empirically used antibiotics for treatment of bacterial meningitis tested in our study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%