An Atypical Presentation of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 1987 classification for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) focuses on four main clinical findings without emphasizing biomarker serology. On the other hand, the updated ACR/EULAR 2010 classification relies more on acutephase reactants and biomarker serology. While a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and positive anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) are specific for RA, at least 15%-25% of patients are seronegative. Given that the ACR/EULAR 2010 classification is more likely to miss these seronegative patients, clinical judgment is important while assessing patients to avoid delays in diagnosis and onset of treatment.

A Review of Advances in Molecular Imaging of Rheumatoid Arthritis: From In Vitro to Clinic Applications Using Radiolabeled Targeting Vectors with Technetium-99m

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the synovial joints, causing damage to cartilage and bone and extra-articular involvement such as the skin, eyes, lungs, digestive system, nervous system, heart, and kidney [ 1 , 2 ]. Common symptoms of RA include morning stiffness lasting for more than 30 min in the affected joint accompanied by swelling, appetite loss and a limited range of motion [ 3 ]. Approximately 1% of the global population suffers from RA [ 4 ], and women have a threefold higher likelihood of developing RA than men [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”