An attempt at measuring health in nucleus and multiplier pig farms

Madec, F.; Kobisch, Marylène; Leforban, Yves

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(93)90113-v

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Most of the health disorders encountered involve specific infectious agents. Although the consequences depend on the specific pathogenic power of the microorganisms, they are also closely related to the overall microbial pressure within the herds (MADEC et al, 1993). Partitioning of the herds, control of the flow animals within the facilities, and reduction of the contact between animals and slurry are the principal constituents of good husbandry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Residual Contamination of Post‐Weaning Facilities for Pigs and Related Risk Factors

Madec¹,

Humbert²,

Salvat³

et al. 1999

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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A survey was designed in France to assess residual contamination in post-weaning rooms within the 2 h prior to restocking when all the pigs of the previous batch had been removed (all in-all out) and after application of the 'in use' cleaning procedures. The protocol was based on the results of a pilot study and was considered 'a good compromise'. Special agar plates (Rodac plates) with a prominent agar medium surface were prepared and used to collect the bacteria. They were applied by impression onto the floors and the partitions between the pens. In all, 24 plates were applied per room. The culture medium was VRBG which mainly permits the growth of enterobacteria. The plates were incubated for 24 h (37°C) and the Colony-Forming Units (CFU) counted. After sampling, measurements were made and information collected from the farmer to obtain potential explanations for the resulting microbiological data. The same scientist sampled 129 post-weaning rooms with slatted floors. Of the 3045 plates, 18.4 % were negative and 12.8 % were heavily colonized (×300 CFU). A score combining six criteria based on the counts was produced, and indicated a wide spread of the rooms. The profile of circumstances associated with the different levels of the score was extracted. The following points should be respected to achieve low residual contamination: removal of the slurry from the pit below the slatted floor; damping to be started soon after pig removal; prolonged damping; thorough washing; disinfecting soon after washing; and attention to the recommended dosage of disinfectant. Smooth surfaces were found to be less contaminated than rough ones. It is concluded that cleaning and disinfecting operations must not be considered as minor tasks and should clearly be integrated into the process of pig production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of the Residual Contamination of Post‐Weaning Facilities for Pigs and Related Risk Factors

Madec¹,

Humbert²,

Salvat³

et al. 1999

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…Pigs. Seventy-six high-health-status (20) barrows (maternal line, Newsham hybrids; age, 44 Ϯ 1 days) were obtained from a closed herd initially populated with cesarean-derived pigs. No clinical signs of infectious disease were observed in the herd of origin 30 days prior to or 30 days following initiation of the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ribotyping and Hemolysin Activity To Identify Highly Virulent Streptococcus suis Type 2 Isolates

Staats¹,

Plattner²,

Nietfeld³

et al. 1998

J Clin Microbiol

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Nineteen Streptococcus suis type 2 isolates were evaluated for their virulence in pigs and mice. Of these, seven were determined to be highly virulent in pigs on the basis of clinical sign scores and gross pathology and histopathology results. Clinical sign scores correlated with gross pathology and histopathology scores atP equal to 0.004 and P equal to 0.009, respectively. The virulence of highly virulent isolates in pigs compared somewhat with virulence in mice, but the correlation was not significant. No correlation of virulence was noted among the moderately virulent and avirulent isolates in pigs and mice. Chromosomal DNAs from all S. suis isolates were evaluated by PstI,PvuII, EcoRI, and HaeIII restriction enzyme digestion followed by hybridization with a digoxigenin-11-dUTP-labeled cDNA probe transcribed from 16S and 23S rRNAs from Escherichia coli. The hybridization patterns (ribotypes) varied depending upon the enzyme used, but a significant number of isolates determined to be highly virulent in pigs had unique hybridization patterns compared with those of the moderately virulent and avirulent isolates (P = 0.002). In addition, hemolysin activity showed a high correlation to virulence (P = 0.00008) and ribotype (P = 0.002).

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“…Just as with pathogen load, on farm measures of non-disease environmental factors may only be feasible for groups of pigs and not individual pig. An overall pig farm health index, including health indicators, farm hygiene, and reproductive disturbances, can also be utilized to describe the environment, as proposed by Madec et al (1993). …”

Section: Quantitative Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of pigs for improved coping with health and environmental challenges: breeding for resistance or tolerance?

Guy¹,

Thomson²,

Hermesch³

2012

Front. Gene.

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The benefits of improved health and welfare in pigs have driven refinements in management and selection practices, one of which is the production of pig phenotypes that can maintain health and productivity by improving response against pathogens. Selection has traditionally been made for host resistance; but the alternative host defence mechanism—host tolerance—is now being considered, as breeding for disease tolerance allows maintenance of high performance across environments of increasing pathogenic load. A distinction must be made between these two mechanisms as they vary in their influence on host-pathogen interactions and pathogen evolution, and consequently on the results of breeding programs. Many pig production studies have failed to distinguish between resistance and tolerance; although a distinction may not always be possible. This article reviews current perspectives in selective breeding for disease resistance and tolerance in growing pigs, and the attendant industry implications. To assess the viability of breeding for resistance and/or tolerance for improved response to disease and other environmental challenges, we propose the use of routine farm records, instead of data measurements taken from laboratory experiments. Consequently, a number of factors need to be taken into account simultaneously for a multidimensional modeling approach. This includes not only genotype and disease variables, but also descriptors of the environment, as well as any possible interactions. It may not be feasible to record individual pathogen loads, and therefore true tolerance, on farm using routinely collected data. However, it may be estimated with group (farm) means, or other proxy measures. Although this results in a bias, this may still be useful for modeling and quantifying resistance and tolerance. We can then quantify success of selection, and this may enable us to decide whether to select for disease resistance versus disease tolerance.

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An attempt at measuring health in nucleus and multiplier pig farms

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement of the Residual Contamination of Post‐Weaning Facilities for Pigs and Related Risk Factors

Measurement of the Residual Contamination of Post‐Weaning Facilities for Pigs and Related Risk Factors

Use of Ribotyping and Hemolysin Activity To Identify Highly Virulent Streptococcus suis Type 2 Isolates

Selection of pigs for improved coping with health and environmental challenges: breeding for resistance or tolerance?

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