An atomic force microscopy study of ozone etching of a polystyrene/polyisoprene block copolymer

Collins, Stephen F; Hamley, Ian W.; Mykhaylyk, T. A.

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00113-7

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The introduction of atomic force microscopy (AFM)12, 13 has enabled the researchers to have precise information regarding surface morphology and forces involved without the need for special preparation techniques like staining or conductive coating to enhance contrast. AFM has become a very powerful tool for studying surface structures14–17 from the micron scale to the atomic scale since its invention and provides real‐space observation of nanophase separated patterns in the case of block copolymers,18 characterized by evolution of different morphologies and direct quantification of surface interaction forces in the suprananometer range 14, 15, 19–22…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among three imaging modes used in AFM analysis‐contact mode, noncontact mode and tapping mode AFM (TMAFM),14–16, 19–22 the latter is used extensively to show the phase separation phenomenon of the films of SBS block copolymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although work on block copolymer by using AFM has been initiated,14–22 detailed AFM investigation of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic elastomer is still obscure. Our laboratory has extensively reported on the development and properties of rubber and/or plastics based nanocomposites and thermoplastic elastomers 23–30.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological mapping and analysis of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] and its clay nanocomposites by atomic force microscopy

Ganguly¹,

Sarkar²,

Bhowmick³

2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Atomic force microscopy was successfully applied for comprehensive nanoscale surface and bulk morphological characterization of thermoplastic elastomeric triblock copolymers: poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) having different block lengths and their clay based nanocomposites. Commercially available Cloisite 1 20A and octadecyl (C 18 ) ammonium ion modified montmorillonite clay (OC) prepared in our laboratory by cation exchange reaction were used. The phase detected images in the tapping mode atomic force microscopy exhibited a well-ordered phase separated morphology consisting of bright nanophasic domains corresponding to hard component and darker domains corresponding to softer rubbery ethylene-cobutylene (PEB) lamella for all the neat triblock copolymers. This lamellar morphology gave a domain width of 19-23 nm for styrenic nanophase and 12-15 nm for ethyleneco-butylene phase of SEBS having end to mid block length ratio of 30:70 and block molecular weights of 8800-41,200-8800. On increasing the ratio of block lengths of the polymer matrix and the selectivity of the solvent toward the blocks used for casting, the morphological features of the resultant films altered along with change in domain thickness. The phase images showed position and distribution of the brightest clay stacks in the dark-bright contrast of the base matrix of the nanocomposite. Exfoliated and intercalated-exfoliated morphology obtained in the case of Cloisite 1 20A and OC-based SEBS nanocomposites, respectively, is further supported by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies. The lamellar thickness of the soft phases widened to 50-75 nm, where the layered clay silicates (40-54 nm in length and 4-17 nm in width) were embedded in the soft rubbery phases in the block copolymeric matrix of the nanocomposite. The marginally thicker width of the hard styrenic phases and slightly shrinked width of the soft rubbery lamella can be observed from the regions where no nanofiller is present. Distinct differences in bulk morphologies of the nanocomposites prepared in the melt and the solution processes were obtained with nanocomposites. The presence of clay particles was evident from the almost zero pull-off and snap-in force in the force-distance analysis of SEBS based nanocomposite. This analysis also revealed stronger tip interaction resulting in highest contact and adhesive forces with the softer PEB region relative to the harder PS region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological mapping and analysis of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] and its clay nanocomposites by atomic force microscopy

Ganguly¹,

Sarkar²,

Bhowmick³

2006

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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“…As a convenient reagent to modify natural or synthetic polymers, ozone is paid more and more attentions. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] The surface modifications of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers through ultraviolet light or gamma ray have been studied previously to improve their polarity and adhesion with other materials. 3,14,25,26 However, the surface modification of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers through ozone treatment has seldom been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer functionalised through ozone treatment

Liu¹,

Qiu²,

Fan³

et al. 2008

Plastics, Rubber and Composites

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Styrenic thermoplastic elastomers are hydrophobic polymer. Through ozone treatment, some oxygen containing groups such as carboxyl groups [C5O(O)] are introduced onto the molecular chains of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers [poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) and hydrogenated poly(styrene-b-isoprene/butadiene-b-styrene) (SEEPS)], their hydrophilicity are thus improved. Compared with SEEPS4044, SBS791 contains much more C5C double bonds and is more susceptible to ozone oxidation. The polarity of ozonised SBS791 is higher than that of ozonised SEEPS4044. Ozone treatment causes also the degradation of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers, their molecular weights are decreased. After ozone treatment, the tensile strength at 100 and 300% elongation of styrenic thermoplastic elastomers decreases.

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“…Ozone, the isotope of oxygen, has been applied to the grafting and oxidation of polymers. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Compared with conventional chemical grafting methods and irradiation modification techniques, functionalization through ozone treatment has many advantages such as simple equipment, low operation cost, and absence of various noxious chemical additives. Ozone treatment is suggested as an alternative to the traditional chemical methods to modify the molecular structure of polymers, and is paid more and more attentions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on functionalizing SEBS through ozone treatment and the mechanical properties of its blend with polyamide 6

Liu

Qiu

Fan

et al. 2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Two types of styrene-b-(ethylene-co-1-butene)-b-styrene triblock copolymer (SEBS) were functionalized through ozone treatment. The structure and properties of ozonized SEBS and the mechanical properties of their blend with Polyamide 6 (PA6) were studied by FTIR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, gel content measurement, contact angle measurement, SEM, and mechanical properties measurement. The experimental results show that through ozone treatment, some oxygen-containing groups (mainly carbonyl groups) are introduced onto the molecular chains of SEBS. The polarity of SEBS is thus improved. Compared with star-shaped SEBS602, SEBS503 of linear shape is more susceptible to ozone oxidation. The polarity of ozonized SEBS503 is higher than that of ozonized SEBS602. The improvement of mechanical properties of PA6/ozonized SEBS blend is attributed to the improvement of the dispersion of ozonized SEBS in PA6 matrix and the interfacial adhesion between PA6 and ozonized SEBS. Compared with that of PA6/ozonized SEBS602 blend, the size of dispersed phase in PA6/ozonized SEBS503 blend is smaller, and the interfacial adhesion is stronger. The notched Izod impact strength of PA6/ozonized SEBS503 (90 min

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An atomic force microscopy study of ozone etching of a polystyrene/polyisoprene block copolymer

Cited by 21 publications

References 19 publications

Morphological mapping and analysis of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] and its clay nanocomposites by atomic force microscopy

Morphological mapping and analysis of poly[styrene‐b‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐b‐styrene] and its clay nanocomposites by atomic force microscopy

Structure and properties of styrenic thermoplastic elastomer functionalised through ozone treatment

A study on functionalizing SEBS through ozone treatment and the mechanical properties of its blend with polyamide 6

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