An asymmetric and slightly dimerized structure for the tetanus toxoid protein used in glycoconjugate vaccines

Structural correlates of carrier protein recognition in tetanus toxoid-conjugated bacterial polysaccharide vaccines

“…The TT sample was found to have a Mw of 155,000 g/mol, which is in agreement with previously determined SEC/MALS [19,23,24] and sedimentation equilibrium [24] values. A peak due to dimerization was seen, as expected [24,25].…”

“…The conformational mAbs gave strongest evidence that larger conjugates which are likely to contain the networks of oligomeric carrier proteins described by Egan [36], actually have more accessible carrier protein. It has been hypothesised that the asymmetric, elongated structure of TT found by Abdehameed et al [24] may provide the necessary surface area for conjugation. Such an elongated surface structure was also found by small angle X-ray scattering of the H C domain [35].…”

Tetanus vaccination with a dissolving microneedle patch confers protective immune responses in pregnancy

“…As shown in Fig. 1 the antigen had a MW ranging from 100 to 250 kDa in agreement with previously reported TT vaccine compositions [52]. The unconcentrated toxoid maintained stability when stored at 4°C or − 20°C up to 10 months; when stored at 25°C for 3 days it showed 11% degradation (data not shown).…”

“…The molecular weight (MW) of tetanus toxin is about 150 kDa, but the detoxified TT contains a mixture of monomer, dimers and oligomers formed during the preparation process [50,51] with molecular sizes ranging from 150 kDa to over 200 kDa [52]. As shown in Fig.…”

Solution conformation and flexibility of capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis and glycoconjugates with the tetanus toxoid protein

“…The focus of this study has been sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge, together with sedimentation equilibrium and viscosity to examine the molecular integrity of the samples in terms of heterogeneity, molar mass distribution and conformational flexibility of purified native, micro-fluidized and activated (chemically modified to facilitate conjugation) capsular polysaccharides from N. meningitidis serogroups as well as meningococcal-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugates. It follows our recent studies on (i) S. pneumoniae polysaccharides24; (ii) the tetanus toxoid protein25 and (iii) on the Hib-TT system26 the latter study clearly demonstrating it was the carbohydrate polymer component rather than the protein which dictated the solution properties rather than the protein component for that glycoconjugate vaccine system. We now seek to establish if this is true also for the Men-TT system.…”