An assessment on size and site selection of emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in Düzce

Abstract

Open green spaces contribute to urban/rural life in terms of ecological, recreational, spatial, economic, etc., functions as well as prevention of natural disasters, mitigation of its impacts, and providing spatial support to people before, during and after a disaster, especially an earthquake. Therefore, during and after the earthquake, there is need of planning of sufficient and safely (suitable site selection) open green spaces, which will provide emergency assembling and temporary and/or long-term shelter of the public, which can be accessed at certain distances, as emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas (multiple uses). In this study, the suitable size, accessibility standards and site selection criteria, which are discussed separately in the literature, were determined in a way to coincide with the natural and cultural landscape characteristics of Düzce city center. According to these standards and criteria, some determinations have been made in the study area. Firstly, the situation of emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in Düzce city, which has two earthquake experiences (in 1999), has been determined with field survey and the data of 1/1000 scaled Implementary Development Plan, which is planned in 2010 and is revised in 2017, and transferred to Geographical Information Systems. Secondly, in the suitability analysis, the criteria that increase/decrease the risk in the neighborhoods were integrated with the data at the first stage and very suitable, suitable and unsuitable areas were determined. Lastly, the size (m 2 per capita) and accessibility (service radius) of the emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas determined by the Governorship of Düzce Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate have been evaluated according to the relevant standards. It has been determined that there are deficiencies in the site selection and size of the emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in the city and in this context the mapping of the neighborhoods where the size of the area is insufficient and areas where cannot access emergency assembly points and temporary shelter areas in the whole city has been realized. As a result, some suggestions have been presented in Düzce city center regarding the planning of open green spaces and integration of standards and strategies for natural disasters (earthquake).

Evaluating the efficiency of relief centers in disaster and epidemic conditions using multi-criteria decision-making methods and GIS: A case study

“…GIS with its capabilities and capabilities in collecting, analyzing, modeling and displaying geographic data can be a powerful tool in the hands of managers and planners for optimal use of resources [ 43 ]. Using GIS, it is possible to perform various types of processing and analysis by saving money and time [ 44 ]. GIS is a special form of the information system or database management system (DBMS) that combines geographically referenced data as well as non-location attribute information [ 45 ].…”

Temporary housing site selection in Soffeh Mountain, District 5 of Isfahan, Iran

“…Furthermore, there are IJDRBE 14,5 differences between emergency and temporary shelters in locating post-earthquake housing. According to Senik and Uzun (2020), emergency shelter sites should be considered in a radius of less than 500 meters and temporary shelters, less than 2,000 meters. In other words, a walking time of less than 15 min is appropriate for an emergency shelter and less than 30 min for a temporary shelter.…”

Integrated IEW-TOPSIS and Fire Dynamics Simulation for Agent-Based Evacuation Modeling in Industrial Safety

“…There are a number of studies that investigate the pre-emergency strategies for the fire protection design (e.g., Mawhinney [9], Kironji [10], Mróz et al [11], Tomar and Khurana [12], and Rahardjo and Prihanton [13]) and the assembly point analysis (e.g., Raja Prasad and Prasad Rao [14], Unal and Uslu [15], Hoscan and Cetinyokus [16], and Şenik and Uzun [17]). For example, Kironji [10] assessed fire protection systems, such as the automatic sprinkler system, fire protection alarm, and escape route, for a commercial high-rise building.…”

“…Then, the authors applied the hazard modeling program called ALOHA to verify and validate their model. Şenik and Uzun [17] have recently analyzed the site selection problem for assembly points and temporary shelter areas. Criteria related to the proximity to healthcare organization, proximity to main roads, and proximity to existing building were analyzed and the ArcGIS was used to verify their study.…”