An assessment of water management measures for climate change adaptation of agriculture in Seewinkel

Modeling canopy water content in the assessment for rainfall induced surface and groundwater nitrate contamination: The Bilate cropland sub watershed

“…The missing data for precipitation observation are calculated using the daily CHIRPS observation by overlaying the longitude and latitude of the identified measured station points into daily, monthly and annual estimates using the Google Earth engine [ [87] , [88] , [89] , [90] , [91] ]. This effectively mitigates the effects of climate changes in crop water and nitrogen management in agricultural watersheds [ 67 ] This approach enables a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of rainfall patterns in specific agricultural watersheds and enables farmers to make informed decisions regarding irrigation and fertilization.…”

“…Since the coverage of precipitation distribution over a given catchment depends on the weighting factor of a measured observation station in a polygon, it can be correlated [ 88 ] so that the acceptance of selected stations below is correlated ( Fig. 3 c) to validate the model inputs.…”

Navigating the Depths: A Comprehensive Review of Numerical Groundwater Models – Objectives, Advantages & Challenges

“…In contrast, transport models are specifically designed for interpreting concentration data, conducting mass balances of contaminants, predicting the spread of pollutant plumes, designing pump and treat management strategies, planning monitoring approaches, and assessing risks associated with waste disposal [15,16]. These models are essential tools for evaluating the movement and impact of pollutants within groundwater systems, contributing to effective environmental management and decision-making [17,18]. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of general aspects related to groundwater flow and transport models is indispensable for their accurate application, reliable interpretation of results, and effective contribution to decision-making processes in various fields, including hydrogeology, environmental science, and water resource management.…”