An assessment of triclosan susceptibility in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Bamber, A. I.; Neal, Timothy

doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(99)90047-6

Cited by 92 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results con®rmed other studies in which povidone iodine was shown not to have any signi®cant difference in activity against MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) [23,24]. Similarly, an investigation of the antibacterial activity of triclosan by a minimum inhibitory concentration method showed no signi®cant difference in activity between MSSA and MRSA [25]. However, it has to be noted that MIC values do not necessarily correlate with bacterial inactivation or minimum bactericidal concentration and in clinical practice, rates of bacterial inactivation are probably more relevant than MIC values [26].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Messager¹,

Goddard

Dettmar

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There are many skin antiseptics commercially available. Although their antibacterial activity has often been well studied [1], their potential effectiveness on skin remains poorly documented. To date, in-vivo protocols designed for the testing of the antimicrobial ef®cacy of antiseptics cannot use, for ethical reasons, pathogenic bacteria or new formulations whose toxicity in human subjects is unknown. An`ex-vivo' test was recently developed to overcome these problems. Freshly excised human skin from abdominal or breast reduction was placed in a diffusion cell containing a maintenance medium in the recipient compartment. A bacterial inoculum was then applied to the stratum corneum and, after a drying step, antiseptic formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Several micro-organisms were investigated: ± Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, vancomycinresistant Ent. faecium (VRE), S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ± with several biocides ± para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX, active compound of Dettol), povidone iodine, triclosan (in isopropanol) and chlorhexidine. Results from the ex-vivo test were compared with results obtained in suspension and glass-carrier tests. The bactericidal activity of the biocides depended upon the test performed and results were generally signi®cantly different from one method to the other. All biocides tested in the suspension test achieved >4 log 10 reduction in viable bacterial concentrations, apart from povidone iodine tested against Ent. faecalis and VRE. The antibacterial activity of biocides tested in the glass-carrier test was signi®cantly lower than in the suspension test, with the exception of triclosan in isopropanol, which was as effective in both suspension and glass-carrier test. In the ex-vivo test, triclosan in isopropanol achieved a log 10 reduction in viable bacterial concentration of 1.105±1.771 (with the exception of P. aeruginosa with 0.758 log 10 reduction). PCMX, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine achieved log 10 reductions in viable bacterial concentration of 0.303±0.901. Chlorhexidine tested against P. aeruginosa produced a 1.94 log 10 reduction in concentration. These results con®rm previous observations about the need for testing the antimicrobial activity of antiseptics on skin surface to determine their in-situ ef®cacy and encourage further the use of the ex-vivo protocol.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Messager¹,

Goddard

Dettmar

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All clinical isolates included were susceptible to cinnamon oil, with a planktonic MIC ranging from 0.5 to 1%, except for strain 1239 which showed a higher MIC of 2%. Ten out of 18 S. epidermidis strains used in this study showed resistance to triclosan (MIC higher than 32 mg/liter) (2,16,21,41). Gentamicin resistance was observed in 13 out of 18 strains (MIC higher than 32 mg/liter) (24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of Cinnamon Oil on icaA Expression and Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis

Nuryastuti

Mei

Busscher

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus epidermidis is notorious for its biofilm formation on medical devices, and novel approaches to prevent and kill S. epidermidis biofilms are desired. In this study, the effect of cinnamon oil on planktonic and biofilm cultures of clinical S. epidermidis isolates was evaluated. Initially, susceptibility to cinnamon oil in planktonic cultures was compared to the commonly used antimicrobial agents chlorhexidine, triclosan, and gentamicin. The MIC of cinnamon oil, defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit visible microbial growth, and the minimal bactericidal concentration, the lowest concentration required to kill 99.9% of the bacteria, were determined using the broth microdilution method and plating on agar. A checkerboard assay was used to evaluate the possible synergy between cinnamon oil and the other antimicrobial agents. The effect of cinnamon oil on biofilm growth was studied in 96-well plates and with confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM). Biofilm susceptibility was determined using a metabolic 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to determine the effect of sub-MIC concentrations of cinnamon oil on expression of the biofilm-related gene, icaA. Cinnamon oil showed antimicrobial activity against both planktonic and biofilm cultures of clinical S. epidermidis strains. There was only a small difference between planktonic and biofilm MICs, ranging from 0.5 to 1% and 1 to 2%, respectively. CLSM images indicated that cinnamon oil is able to detach and kill existing biofilms. Thus, cinnamon oil is an effective antimicrobial agent to combat S. epidermidis biofilms.

show abstract

“…[1][2][3][4] Based on the survey by ourselves, only the following information was obtained. Carson et al reported that naturally occurring Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the distilled water reservoir of a hospital mist therapy unit were markedly more resistant to inactivation by 67 ppm chlorine dioxide, 2.8 ppm quaternary ammonium compound, 0.25% acetic acid, and 31 ppm glutaraldehyde than cells subcultured once on trypticase soy agar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Disinfectants against Naturally Occurring and Artificially Cultivated Bacteria

Suwa

Oie

Furukawa

2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Naturally occurring bacteria, is exist in nature, and is never cultivated on conventional culture medium. We evaluated the efficacy of disinfectants against naturally occurring bacteria in in-use cotton balls soaked in 0.02% benzalkonium chloride solution which had been used to disinfect the genital area by patients undergoing self-catheterization at home and the same bacteria subcultured on nutrient broth (artificially cultivated bacteria). The colony forming units (CFU) of naturally occurring bacteria such as Serratia marcescens, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, and Burkholderia cepacia were not decreased after 48 h exposure to 0.025-0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution, but the same strains subcultured on nutrient broth were killed within only 10 min exposure to 0.025-0.1% benzalkonium chloride solution. In addition, the CFU of these three kinds of naturally occurring bacteria were not decreased after 48 h exposure to 0.02% chlorhexidine gluconate solution, but the same strains subcultured on nutrient broth were killed within 2 h exposure to chlorhexidine gluconate solution. The result showed that disinfectant efficacy differed markedly against naturally occurring and artificially cultivated bacteria. Therefore, it is preferable to use the naturally occurring bacteria not only artificially cultivated bacteria when examining disinfectant efficacy.

show abstract

An assessment of triclosan susceptibility in methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 92 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test

Effect of Cinnamon Oil on icaA Expression and Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis

Efficacy of Disinfectants against Naturally Occurring and Artificially Cultivated Bacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About