An assessment of the toxicological significance of anthropogenic contaminants in Canadian arctic wildlife

Fisk, Aaron T.; Wit, Cynthia A. de; Wayland, Mark; Kuzyk, Zou Zou A.; Burgess, Neil M.; Letcher, Robert J.; Braune, Birgit M.; Norstrom, Ross J.; Blum, Susan Polischuk; Sandau, Courtney D.; Lie, Elisabeth; Larsen, H. J.; Skaare, Janneche Utne; Muir, Derek C.G.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.01.051

Cited by 164 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Often younger organisms are most vulnerable to exposures to a particular pollutant (e.g., lead neurotoxicity in children). Thresholds can be identified for only a few single chemicals or chemical groups and for only a few biological species, such as some top predators (de Wit et al 2004;Fisk et al 2005). A well-known example is the DDT threshold concentration in the eggs of birds of prey that cause critical egg-shell thinning and reproductive failure (Lincer 1975).…”

Section: Chemical Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A safe operating space for humanity

Rockström

Steffen

Noone

et al. 2009

Nature

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5,320

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The article presents a study that investigates on the importance of identifying and quantifying planetary boundaries to prevent human activities in affecting environmental condition. The author states the industrial revolution and advancement in human civilization has caused the unstability of the environmental state that is less conducive for humans to live and affect their health condition. The author notes that planetary boundaries served a control variables to secure the safety of its citizen as well as protect the environment from shifting to dangerous levels. It also cites the different planetary boundaries, along with its impact on climate change and Earth system degradation

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Section: Chemical Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A safe operating space for humanity

Rockström

Steffen

Noone

et al. 2009

Nature

Self Cite

9,006

5,320

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“…While species have historically acclimated or adapted to changes in climate, the rapid rate of current climate change coupled with increasingly fragmented and impaired habitats present unprecedented challenges for modern species (Boone et al, 2007;Fisk et al, 2005;OcchipintiAmbrogi, 2007;Rohr et al, 2004;Schiedek et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effects Of Climate Change On Contaminant Toxicity To Wildlifementioning

confidence: 99%

The toxicology of climate change: Environmental contaminants in a warming world

Noyes

McElwee

Miller

et al. 2009

Environment International

891

569

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Climate change induced by anthropogenic warming of the earth's atmosphere is a daunting problem. This review examines one of the consequences of climate change that has only recently attracted attention: namely, the effects of climate change on the environmental distribution and toxicity of chemical pollutants. A review was undertaken of the scientific literature (original research articles, reviews, government and intergovernmental reports) focusing on the interactions of toxicants with the environmental parameters, temperature, precipitation, and salinity, as altered by climate change. Three broad classes of chemical toxicants of global significance were the focus: air pollutants, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including some organochlorine pesticides, and other classes of pesticides. Generally, increases in temperature will enhance the toxicity of contaminants and increase concentrations of tropospheric ozone regionally, but will also likely increase rates of chemical degradation. While further research is needed, climate change coupled with air pollutant exposures may have potentially serious adverse consequences for human health in urban and polluted regions. Climate change producing alterations in: food webs, lipid dynamics, ice and snow melt, and organic carbon cycling could result in increased POP levels in water, soil, and biota. There is also compelling evidence that increasing temperatures could be deleterious to pollutant-exposed wildlife. For example, elevated water temperatures may alter the biotransformation of contaminants to more bioactive metabolites and impair homeostasis. The complex interactions between climate change and pollutants may be particularly problematic for species living at the edge of their physiological tolerance range where acclimation capacity may be limited. In addition to temperature increases, regional precipitation patterns are projected to be altered with climate change. Regions subject to decreases in precipitation may experience enhanced volatilization of POPs and pesticides to the atmosphere. Reduced precipitation will also increase air pollution in urbanized regions resulting in negative health effects, which may be exacerbated by temperature increases. Regions subject to increased precipitation will have lower levels of air pollution, but will likely experience enhanced surface deposition of airborne POPs and increased run-off of pesticides. Moreover, increases in the intensity and frequency of storm events linked to climate change could lead to more severe episodes of chemical contamination of water bodies and surrounding watersheds. Changes in salinity may affect aquatic organisms as an independent stressor as well as by altering the bioavailability and in some instances increasing the toxicity of chemicals. A paramount issue will be to identify species and populations especially vulnerable to climate-pollutant interactions, in the context of the many other physical, chemical, and biological stressors that will be altered with climate change. Moreover, it w...

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“…Trophic transfer of chemicals can result in elevated exposure to and effects on predators at higher trophic positions (TPs), including humans [18]. Studies investigating the trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems, which are critically necessary for understanding the environmental disposition and impacts of pharmaceuticals, are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic positions of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream

Haddad

Luek

et al. 2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

124

118

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Though pharmaceuticals are increasingly observed in a variety of organisms from coastal and inland aquatic systems, trophic transfer of pharmaceuticals in aquatic food webs have not been reported. In this study, bioaccumulation of select pharmaceuticals was investigated in a lower order effluent-dependent stream in central Texas, USA, using isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (MS). A fish plasma model, initially developed from laboratory studies, was tested to examine observed versus predicted internal dose of select pharmaceuticals. Pharmaceuticals accumulated to higher concentrations in invertebrates relative to fish; elevated concentrations of the antidepressant sertraline and its primary metabolite desmethylsertraline were observed in the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea , and two unionid mussel species. Trophic positions were determined from stable isotopes (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) collected by isotope ratio-MS; a Bayesian mixing model was then used to estimate diet contributions towards top fish predators. Because diphenhydramine and carbamazepine were the only target compounds detected in all species examined, trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were derived to evaluate potential trophic transfer of both compounds. TMFs for diphenhydramine (0.38) and carbamazepine (1.17) indicated neither compound experienced trophic magnification, which suggests that inhalational and not dietary exposure represented the primary route of uptake by fish in this effluent-dependent stream.

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An assessment of the toxicological significance of anthropogenic contaminants in Canadian arctic wildlife

Cited by 164 publications

References 96 publications

A safe operating space for humanity

A safe operating space for humanity

The toxicology of climate change: Environmental contaminants in a warming world

Bioaccumulation and trophic dilution of human pharmaceuticals across trophic positions of an effluent-dependent wadeable stream

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