An assessment of the role of ponds in the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China

Mushtaq, Shahbaz; Dawe, D.; Hong, Lin; Moya, Piedad

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2005.10.004

Cited by 59 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Our results demonstrated that both salt and nitrate nitrogen storage decreased with IRA and IRT (Fig. 7), similar results were also found in some other researches [14,31]. In our study, nitrate nitrogen storage was even smaller than salt storage in the same intermittent irrigation condition.…”

Section: Optimal Irrigation Strategysupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Zeng

et al. 2015

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Abstract:Intermittent irrigation has attracted much attention as a water-saving technology in arid and semi-arid regions. For understanding the effect of intermittent irrigation on water and solute storage varied from irrigation amount per time (IRA), irrigation application frequency (IRAF), irrigation intervals (IRI) and even soil texture (ST), intermittent irrigation experiment was carried out in 33 micro-plots in Inner Mongolia, China. The experiment results were used for the calibration and validation of HYDRUS-1D software. Then 3 ST (silty clay loam, silty loam, and silty clay), 5 IRA (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm), 4 IRAF (2, 3, 4, and 5 times) and 4 IRI (1, 2, 3, and 4 days) were combined and total 240 scenarios were simulated by HYDRUS-1D. Analysis of variance (ANVOA) of simulated results indicated that ST, IRA, and IRAF had significant effect on salt and nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) storage of 0-40 cm depth soil in intermittent irrigation while only ST affected soil water storage obviously. Furthermore, salt leaching percentage (SLP) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 0-40 cm depth were calculated and statistical prediction models for SLP were established based on the ANOVA using multiple regression analysis in each soil texture. Then constraint conditions of soil water storage (around field capacity), salt storage (smaller than 168 mg·cm -2 ), WUE (as large as possible) in 0-40 cm depth and total irrigation water amount (less than 25 cm) were proposed to find out the optimal intermittent irrigation strategies. Before sowing, the optimal irrigation strategy for silty clay loam soil was 6 cm IRA, 3 times IRAF, and 2 days IRI respectively. For silty loam and silty clay soils, IRA, IRAF, and IRI were 8 cm, 3 times, and 2 days respectively.

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Section: Optimal Irrigation Strategysupporting

confidence: 79%

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Zeng

et al. 2015

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Studies have shown (Mushtaq et al, 2006;Moya et al, 2004;Li and Barker, 2004; Belder et al , 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 13 2004) that AWD irrigation practices save 5-30% of water without adversely affecting yields. The water saving would result in decreased pumping costs, reduced energy inputs and ultimately an increase in profits.…”

Section: Water Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy and water tradeoffs in enhancing food security: A selective international assessment

et al. 2009

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Rice is the major staple food in most Asian countries. However, with rapidly growing populations, sustained high productivity and yields through improving water productivity is critically important. Increasingly complex energy-agriculture relationships require an in-depth understanding of water and energy tradeoffs. This study contributes to energy and food policies by analysing the complex energy, water and economics dynamics across a selection of major rice growing countries.The results show that tradeoffs exist between yield and energy inputs with high yield attributed to higher levels of energy input. The selected developed countries show higher energy productivity, relative to all other energy inputs, compared to the selected developing counties, owing to enhanced mechanisation, onfarm technology and improved farm management. Among all countries, China has the highest water productivity due to water-saving irrigation practices. These practices offer opportunities for developed and developing countries to increase water productivity at the same time taking advantage of economic and energy benefits of 1 Correspondence to: Shahbaz Mushtaq. E-mail: mushtaqs@usq.edu.au; Phone 61-7-463 2019; Fax 61-7-4631 5581 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 reduced pumping. While greater water productivity will almost certainly be necessary to reduce the negative impacts of future water scarcity, it is crucial to bear in mind the trade-off between energy and water productivity. Development of efficient water irrigation practices such as alternate wetting and drying irrigation practice and their large scale implementation across the countries will result in increased rice productivity, reduced energy dependency, natural resource sustainability and ensure long term food security. Manuscript Click here to view linked ReferencesKey words: Water productivity; energy efficiency; benefit cost analysis; developed and developing countries; canal irrigation systems; tubewell irrigation system; rainfed irrigation system IntroductionRice is not only a staple food on a global scale, but also constitutes the major economic activity and a key source of employment and income for rural populations.Some 75% of the world's annual rice production is harvested from 79 million ha of irrigated lowland rice, mainly in Asia where it accounts for 40-46% of the net irrigated area of all crops (Dawe, 2005). Since the Green Revolution of the 1960s, the combination of new high yielding rice varieties has resulted in the dramatic and sustained increase in rice production. This increased productivity and profitability also contributed to enhanced food security and less poverty among farmers with irrigated land (Dawe, 2000).Rice is one of the largest users of the world's developed freshwater resources (Tuong and Bouman, 2003). Bouman et ...

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“…Using Equations (2) and (3), the parameter θ of the four copulas can be obtained. Then, the AIC, BIC, and ε of the copulas can be calculated using Equations (7)- (9). The values are shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Optimization Of Marginal Distribution and Copulamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZID in the Yangtze River basin, China, has drawn international attention for its success in sustaining rice production despite the dramatic reallocation of water for domestic, industrial, and hydropower uses. Considerable research has also been conducted to study the performance of irrigation tanks as supplemental irrigation sources and to study agricultural non-point source pollutants [5,9]. This irrigation district is located in a subtropical monsoon region with an average annual rainfall of 905 mm.…”

Section: 1study Area Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ponds play an important role in decreasing peak flow in main irrigation channels, reallocating water in irrigation districts, enhancing water-efficient irrigation, and supplying water for crop production [2,4,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. Ponds in Southern China not only capture surplus water from the irrigation system and agricultural return water from upstream fields, but also supply water to downstream fields [9,10,14]. The water provided by ponds for irrigation accounts for over 60% in the Zhanghe Irrigation District (ZID) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure Analysis of a New Irrigation Water Allocation Mode Based on Copula Approaches in the Zhanghe Irrigation District, China

Shao

et al. 2016

Water

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Abstract:The risk analysis of an irrigation water allocation strategy based on physical mechanisms is critically important in practice. Conventional risk analysis only considers the role of the channel system and ignores the factors related to on-farm ponds. This paper proposes a channel-pond joint water supply mode (CPJM) based on copula approaches. Two copulas, the Plackett copula and No.16 copula, are chosen and two types of analyses are carried out with the proposed mode: (1) a risk assessment of CPJM with joint probability and conditional probability; and (2) determination of the water supply strategy given the pond water supply frequency. With a case study of the second channel in the Zhanghe Irrigation District (ZID), Southern China, nine combinations of channel water supply frequency (CWSF) and pond water supply frequency (PWSF) are studied. The results reveal that the failure probabilities of the joint distribution and the conditional distribution of the CPJM are 0.02%-16.54% and 0.45%-33.08%, respectively, with corresponding return period of 42-5000 and 10-222 years. Nevertheless, a previous study has shown that the real probability is 33.3%, which means that the return period is equals to three years. Therefore, the objective failure evaluation of the irrigation water-use strategy is useful for water saving in this channel system. Moreover, the irrigation water allocation strategy can be determined and the failure charts relating the CWSF and PWSF can be obtained for a predetermined PWSF. Thus, the channel-pond joint water supply mode provides a more reasonable estimate of the irrigation water allocation strategy reliability.

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An assessment of the role of ponds in the adoption of water-saving irrigation practices in the Zhanghe Irrigation System, China

Cited by 59 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Effects of Different Irrigation Strategies on Soil Water, Salt, and Nitrate Nitrogen Transport

Energy and water tradeoffs in enhancing food security: A selective international assessment

Failure Analysis of a New Irrigation Water Allocation Mode Based on Copula Approaches in the Zhanghe Irrigation District, China

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