An Assessment of the Respiratory Burst and Bactericidal Activity of Alveolar Macrophages From Adult and Senescent Mice

Esposito, Anthony L.; Clark, Carolyn A.; Poirier, William J.

doi:10.1002/jlb.43.5.445

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These values are similar to the normal cell profile of BALF in mice [8]. In addition, there was no significant change in the recovery rates of instilled fluid from mice of different ages.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Age-related changes in the antioxidant screen of the distal lung in mice

Teramoto

Fukuchi

Uejima

et al. 1994

Lung

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We studied the influence of age on glutathione (GSH) content in the distal lung and the lung tissue of mice. From 1 to 28 months of age, the quantity of GSH and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in the lung tissue were determined. The GSH content in BAL fluid, which reflects the antioxidant screen of the distal lung, decreased with advancing age. The ratio of GSSG to GSH increased in later life, suggesting increase of oxidation of the epithelial lining fluid in old mice. The GSH content in the lung tissue also decreased with aging. Therefore the lower respiratory tract may be less able to defend against external attack, including attack by oxygen-derived active molecules, in senescent mice. The decrease of the antioxidant screen of the distal lung may be associated with impaired lung defense in relation to oxidant-antioxidant balance in aged mice.

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“…These values are similar to the normal cell profile of BALF in mice [8]. In addition, there was no significant change in the recovery rates of instilled fluid from mice of different ages.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Age-related changes in the antioxidant screen of the distal lung in mice

Teramoto

Fukuchi

Uejima

et al. 1994

Lung

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“…The number of resident bronchoalveolar macrophages isolated from unin fected, aged C57BL/6 mice was significantly greater than that secured from the younger animals (fig. 2); this finding confirms a simi lar observation made by this laboratory in prior studies [Esposito et al, 1988b]. More importantly, at 24 h after pneumococcal challenge, the number of neutrophils present within the bronchoalveolar spaces was sig nificantly greater in the older animals (fig.…”

Section: Pulmonary Inflammatory Responsesupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Further, our survival studies indicate that in the nonimmune, nor mal C57BL/6 mouse, advanced age does not enhance susceptibility to lethal infection with type 3 S. pneumoniae. Thus, these find ings and the results of our complementary studies of murine bronchoalveolar macro phage function [Esposito et al, 1988b;Espo sito et al, 1989] indicate that factors beyond advanced age must play prominent roles in predisposing the aged host to pneumococcal infection of the lower respiratory tract and to increasing the likelihood of a fatal out come.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Second, as noted in these stud ies (Results; fig. 2) and in prior investiga tions [Esposito et al, 1988b], larger numbers of resident lung macrophages were present in the older animals. Although we have demon strated in vitro that the capacity of C57BL/6 lung marcrophages to release LTB4 is com parable with cells from adult and senescent mice [Esposito et al, 1989], the larger num ber of macrophages within the airspaces of the older animals gives that group the poten tial to liberate greater quantities of chemoat tractants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro Assessment of Chemotaxis by Peripheral Blood Neutrophils from Adult and Senescent C57BL/6 Mice: Correlation with in vivo Responses to Pulmonary Infection with Type 3 <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>

Esposito

Poirier

Clark³

1990

Gerontology

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To assess the effects of advanced age on the ability of circulating neutrophils to respond to biologically relevant chemoattractants, cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of pathogen and disease-free C57BL/6 mice and evaluated in a microchemotaxis chamber. The responses of granulocytes obtained from senescent mice (26–28 months) to the chemotactic peptide, FMLP, and to leukotriene B4 were similar to those found with cells from the younger animals (8–10 months). In contrast, the migration of neutrophils in response to sonicated type 3 Streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly greater with cells from the older animals. Similarly, the chemotactic response of neutrophils to zymosan-activated serum was greater with cells and serum from the senescent animals; however, the enhanced chemotaxis exhibited by granulocytes from the aged mice was a consequence of serum factors. Following the deposition of viable type 3 S. pneumoniae into the lower respiratory tract, the neutrophil influx at 24 h after challenge was significantly greater in the senescent mice; however, age-related differences in survival rates and LD₅₀ were not detected. Thus, in the C57BL/6 mouse, senescence is not associated with deficiencies in the response of neutrophils in vitro to chemoattractants that contribute to lung host defense against the pneumococcus; further, in this murine strain, advanced age does not result in an attenuation of the pulmonary inflammatory reaction to infection with type 3 S. pneumoniae.

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“…It was estimated that, because of this, no more than 1 × 10 8 P. gingivalis remained at 48 h in the Old age group, and that this is likely to be due to innate immunity. Esposit et al (10) reported that alveolar macrophages of the lungs, even in aged mice, showed some ability to kill bacteria, and there was no significance compared with young mice. IFN-γ is known to activate macrophages and to increase the production of NO.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging on BCG immunostimulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice

Kato

Mikami

2011

Biomed. Res.

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The need for population care increases with the age of the population. Pneumonia is the fourth leading cause of death in Japan, yet the risk of pneumonia could be reduced by eliminating opportunistic infection sources such as oral bacteria (e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis). Previously, we reported removal of P. gingivalis by macrophages during the early stages of cellular immunity, although neither neutrophils nor antibodies participated in the antimicrobial activity. BCG is a live vaccine against tuberculosis, and is thought to maintain cellular immunity as the antigen remains in vivo for longer periods. In this experiment, we attempted to clarify the relationship between aging and the elimination of P. gingivalis by examining the protective capacity of BCG against P. gingivalis infection in mice of various ages. In young mice, the reduction in numbers of P. gingivalis was accompanied by increased IFN-γ and IL-12 levels, and nitric oxide was continuously produced. The augmentation of bactericidal activity, namely the effects of the vaccine, was clear in young mice, but weaker in older mice. Activation of cellular immunity was not observed in older mice, even when boosters were administered. Pneumonia, which is the fourth leading cause of death in Japan (23), results in more deaths among cancer patients than terminal-stage cancer. Among the elderly, many cases of pneumonia occur due to aspiration of indigenous oral bacteria (4), but the causative organism is not considered to be aggressive. The oral bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic rod that is the main pathogen associated with adult periodontitis (33). P. gingivalis has recently attracted attention as the pathogenic bacterium found in systemic disorders such as bacterial endocarditis (11,22,25,37) and arteriosclerosis (8, 17) as well as pneumonia (4,27,31). P. gingivalis possesses the protease gingipain, which degrades antibody-complement complexes and confers resistance to phagocytosis (5, 9) and antibiotics (3, 30), enabling it to become an opportunistic infection source. BCG is an attenuated strain of a probiotic bovine bacterium that was first produced by Calmette and Guérin (7) for the prevention of tuberculosis, and is still in widespread use. The antimicrobial properties of macrophages activated by BCG are non-specific, and long-term effective immunization has been reported (18,21,22,36). Although many studies have investigated the immunization efficacy of BCG on tubercle bacilli, few have explored the relationship between vaccination efficiency and aging. Previously, we examined immune responses to oral bacteria and showed that stronger Th1 responses occurred in mice immunized with Fusobacterium nucleatum compared to P. gingivalis (19). In addition, we confirmed that P. gingivalis was removed by macrophage participation during the early stages of cellular immunity (16), although neither neutrophilic leukocytes nor antibodies took part in the antimicrobial activity (26). Accordingly, we questioned

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An Assessment of the Respiratory Burst and Bactericidal Activity of Alveolar Macrophages From Adult and Senescent Mice

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Age-related changes in the antioxidant screen of the distal lung in mice

Age-related changes in the antioxidant screen of the distal lung in mice

In vitro Assessment of Chemotaxis by Peripheral Blood Neutrophils from Adult and Senescent C57BL/6 Mice: Correlation with in vivo Responses to Pulmonary Infection with Type 3 <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>

Effect of aging on BCG immunostimulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis infection in mice

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