An Assessment of Red List Data for the Cycadales

Marler, Paris N.; Marler, Thomas E.

doi:10.1177/194008291500800417

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…More case studies are needed to determine whether this is a common cycad trait or is variable among the other cycad species. Cycads are the most threatened plant group worldwide [47][48][49], and the consequences of continuing losses of cycads throughout the globe are magnified by the collateral loss of community heterogeneity. This case study also provides an example of how invasions of islands can damage ecological processes by removing the services of unique native species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Marler

Krishnapillai

2018

Forests

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Cycad plants possess uncommon morphological, chemical, and ontogenetic characteristics and they may introduce localized changes in soil traits that increase habitat heterogeneity. We used mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill trees growing in a range of soil types in Guam, Rota, and Yap to quantify differences between the soils beneath target trees and paired non-target soils away from cycad trees. The chronic presence of a C. micronesica tree introduced numerous localized changes in soil traits, increasing the heterogeneity of elemental stoichiometry in the community. Nitrogen, carbon:phosphorus, and nitrogen:phosphorus were increased in target soils among every soil type. Carbon increased and phosphorus decreased in most target soils. The habitats revealing the greatest number of elements with differences between target and non-target soils were the habitats with acid soils. The greatest number of metals exhibiting differences between the target and non-target soils occurred in the impoverished sandy habitat. This is the first report that indicates a cycad tree increases community spatial heterogeneity by localized changes in soil chemistry. Contemporary declines in cycad populations due to anthropogenic threats inadvertently decrease this spatial heterogeneity and its influences on primary producers in the landscape then cascading effects on the food web.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Marler

Krishnapillai

2018

Forests

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“…Donaldson ( 2003 ) reported 62% of cycads as being threatened with extinction, making them the most threatened group of plant species on Earth. This estimate has been confirmed recently with an analysis of the 2016 IUCN Red List (Table 1 ), showing that c. 60% of cycad species assessed were either Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) or Vulnerable (VU) (Fragniere et al, 2015 ; Marler & Marler, 2015 ; IUCN, 2016 ). Primarily, CR species are from the genera Encephalartos , Zamia and Cycas (Table 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective

Jayanthi

Benson²,

Xaba

et al. 2018

Bot. Rev.

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Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity ‘hotspots,’ and the call for action to improve their protection is long-standing. We contend that progress in this direction will not be made until there is better understanding of cycad pollen, seed and tissue biology, which at the moment is limited to relatively few (<10%) species. We review what is known about germplasm (seed and pollen) storage and germination, together with recent developments in the application of contemporary technologies to tissues, such as isotype labelling, biomolecular markers and tissue culture. Whilst progress is being made, we conclude that an acceleration of comparative studies is needed to facilitate the integration of in situ and ex situ conservation programmes to better safeguard endangered cycads.

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“…Compared with other plant groups that have been either wholly or representatively assessed, pteridophytes and lycophytes have a similar proportion of species threatened with extinction, with the exception of gymnosperms, where the heavy threats affecting specific species of cycads (Marler & Marler, ) give a very high proportion of gymnosperm species threatened (40%). Of the four other plant groups for which samples have been assessed for the SRLI for Plants, pteridophytes and lycophytes appear to be slightly less threatened than bryophytes (19%) or monocots (18%), but more threatened than legumes (11%) after accounting for DD species using the ‘best estimate’ of proportion threatened (Brummitt et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where are threatened ferns found? Global conservation priorities for pteridophytes

Brummitt

Aletrari

Syfert

et al. 2016

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Recent efforts to improve the representation of plant species included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species through the IUCN Sampled Red List Index (SRLI) for Plants have led to the assessment of almost 1000 additional species of pteridophytes and lycophytes under IUCN Red List criteria. Species were selected at random from all lineages of pteridophytes and lycophytes and are taxonomically as well as ecologically representative of pteridophyte and lycophyte diversity. 16% of pteridophyte and lycophyte species are globally threatened with extinction and 22% are of elevated conservation concern (threatened or Near Threatened); of species of pteridophytes and lycophytes previously included on the Red List, 54% were considered threatened. Over half of pteridophyte and lycophyte species assessed for the SRLI use estimates of range size; therefore the method used to measure range may affect the Red List category assigned. We evaluated this using two alternative metrics for estimating range, species distribution modelling (SDM) and ecologically suitable habitat (ESH), for 227 species endemic to the Neotropical biogeographic realm. Differences between range estimates were small when ranges were small but increased with increasing range size. For 58 (25.6%) species alternative modelling techniques result in the species meeting the threshold for a different IUCN Red List category from using extent of occurrence. Modelling threatened species distributions also highlights priority areas for conservation in tropical and subtropical montane forests that are the most species-rich habitat for small-range pteridophyte and lycophyte species, but which are now increasingly subject to rapid conversion to agriculture.Key words: ecologically suitable habitat, IUCN Red List, lycophytes, pteridophytes, Sampled Red List Index, species distribution modelling, SRLI for Plants.Attempts to set, measure and monitor progress towards international goals to address biodiversity loss (Balmford et al., 2005;Walpole et al., 2009) have to date largely been unsuccessful (Butchart et al., 2010;Tittensor et al., 2014). The outcome of the Xth Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010 was an agreement on a further 20, more stringent, 'Aichi' Targets (Decision X/2; UNEP, 2010). As a component of this effort, the IUCN Red List Index (Butchart et al., 2004(Butchart et al., , 2005 and its sampled approach for larger, more poorly-known taxonomic groups has been implemented as a formal CBD indicator, a Barometer of Life (Stuart et al., 2010) measuring Aichi Target 12: "By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained" (UNEP, 2010). To monitor the conservation status and trends in extinction risk for plants worldwide and help measure progress in achieving Aichi Target 12, samples of different plant lineages have been selected and assessed for the IUCN Sampled Red List Index (SRLI) fo...

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An Assessment of Red List Data for the Cycadales

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective

Where are threatened ferns found? Global conservation priorities for pteridophytes

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