An assessment of recent trophic changes in Windermere South Basin (England) based on diatom remains and fossil pigments

Sabater, Sergi; Haworth, Elizabeth Y.

doi:10.1007/bf00735479

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…paratuberculosis was detected in mountain areas above 560 m. It was also detected in the sediments of several major lakes, including Bassenthwaite, Derwentwater, Buttermere, and Ullswater. The detection of this pathogen at a 10-cm depth in Buttermere sediment and a 15-cm depth in Ullswater sediment is consistent with deposition over a period of 30 to 40 years and Ͼ50 years, respectively (50,55,64). In contrast to this apparently widespread distribution in the northern part of the Lake District, tests on Coniston Water and its catchment to the south were all negative.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Lake Catchments, in River Water Abstracted for Domestic Use, and in Effluent from Domestic Sewage Treatment Works: Diverse Opportunities for Environmental Cycling and Human Exposure

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Rhodes

Bull

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

114

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from infected animals enters surface waters and rivers in runoff from contaminated pastures. We studied the River Tywi in South Wales, United Kingdom, whose catchment comprises 1,100 km 2 containing more than a million dairy and beef cattle and more than 1.3 million sheep. The River Tywi is abstracted for the domestic water supply. Between August 2002 and April 2003, 48 of 70 (68.8%) twice-weekly river water samples tested positive by IS900 PCR. In river water, the organisms were associated with a suspended solid which was depleted by the water treatment process. Disposal of contaminated slurry back onto the land established a cycle of environmental persistence. A concentrate from 100 liters of finished water tested negative, but 1 of 54 domestic cold water tanks tested positive, indicating the potential for these pathogens to access domestic outlets. In the separate English Lake District region, with hills up to 980 m, tests for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the high hill lakes and sediments were usually negative, but streams and sediments became positive lower down the catchment. Sediments from 9 of 10 major lakes receiving inflow from these catchments were positive, with sediment cores indicating deposition over at least 40 to 50 years. Two of 12 monthly 1-liter samples of effluent and a single 100-liter sample from the Ambleside sewage treatment works were positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Since Lake Ambleside discharges into Lake Windermere, which is available for domestic supply, there is a potential for these organisms to cycle within human populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Lake Catchments, in River Water Abstracted for Domestic Use, and in Effluent from Domestic Sewage Treatment Works: Diverse Opportunities for Environmental Cycling and Human Exposure

Pickup

Rhodes

Bull

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

114

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“…In 1992, the introduction of a "phosphate stripping" treatment at Tower Wood and Ambleside STW led to a reduction in phosphate loading, particularly in the South Basin (Talling, 1999;Parker and Maberley, 2000). Similar findings were observed further north at Grasmere, where the onset of eutrophication is dated to 1855, analogous with the expansion of human settlement (Barker et al, 2005;Sabater and Haworth, 1995).…”

Section: Regional Settingsupporting

confidence: 76%

Modern Pollution Signals in Sediments from Windermere, NW England, Determined by Micro-XRF and Lead Isotope Analysis

Miller

Croudace

Bull

et al. 2015

Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores

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High resolution geochemical (Itrax micro-XRF and wavelength dispersive XRF) data, radiochronology ( 210 Pb and 137 Cs analyses) and ultra-high precision double-spike lead isotope measurements from lacustrine sediment cores are used in combination with historical research of former mining landscapes to investigate modern pollution signals in sediments from Windermere, the largest lake in the English Lake District. The sediment record suggests that while most element concentrations have been stable, there has been a significant increase since the 1930s in lead, zinc and copper concentrations. Double-spike lead isotope measurements reveal a mixture of natural lead, and three major contributory sources of anthropogenic (industrial) lead, comprising gasoline lead, coal combustion lead (from coal-fired steam ships) and lead derived from Carboniferous Pb-Zn mineralisation (mining activities). A number of up-system sediment traps have limited the amount of mining related heavy metals entering Windermere, and as a result, periods of metal workings do not correlate with peaks in heavy metals. Increases could also be due to flood-induced metal inwash or weathering of bedrock in the catchment. Application of these non-destructive and high precision analytical techniques provides new insights into the pollutant depositional history of Windermere.

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“…This is supported by the positive tests on the Pontsticill and Llwyn-on reservoirs, which are adjacent just lower down in the catchment area. Deposition rates for sediments at the bottoms of the Pontsticill and Llwyn-on reservoirs are not available, but assuming that they may be similar to those found in Windermere (56,64), the depths in the sediment cores at which M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was identified would represent 30 to 50 years of deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the Catchment Area and Water of the River Taff in South Wales, United Kingdom, and Its Potential Relationship to Clustering of Crohn's Disease Cases in the City of Cardiff

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Rhodes

Arnott

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

149

159

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In South Wales, United Kingdom, a populated coastal region lies beneath hill pastures grazed by livestock in which Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is endemic. The Taff is a spate river running off the hills and through the principal city of Cardiff. We sampled Taff water above Cardiff twice weekly from November 2001 to November 2002. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was detected by IS900 PCR and culture. Thirty-one of 96 daily samples (32.3%) were IS900 PCR positive, and 12 grew M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis bovine strains. Amplicon sequences from colonies were identical to the sequence with GenBank accession no. X16293, whereas 16 of 19 sequences from river water DNA extracts had a single-nucleotide polymorphism at position 214. This is consistent with a different strain of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the river, which is unculturable by the methods we used. Parallel studies showed that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis remained culturable in lake water microcosms for 632 days and persisted to 841 days. Of four reservoirs controlling the catchment area of the Taff, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was present in surface sediments from three and in sediment cores from two, consistent with deposition over at least 50 years. Previous epidemiological research in Cardiff demonstrated a highly significant increase of Crohn's disease in 11 districts. These bordered the river except for a gap on the windward side. A topographical relief map shows that this gap is directly opposite a valley open to the prevailing southwesterly winds. This would influence the distribution of aerosols carrying M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from the river.

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An assessment of recent trophic changes in Windermere South Basin (England) based on diatom remains and fossil pigments

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Lake Catchments, in River Water Abstracted for Domestic Use, and in Effluent from Domestic Sewage Treatment Works: Diverse Opportunities for Environmental Cycling and Human Exposure

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin Lake Catchments, in River Water Abstracted for Domestic Use, and in Effluent from Domestic Sewage Treatment Works: Diverse Opportunities for Environmental Cycling and Human Exposure

Modern Pollution Signals in Sediments from Windermere, NW England, Determined by Micro-XRF and Lead Isotope Analysis

Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin the Catchment Area and Water of the River Taff in South Wales, United Kingdom, and Its Potential Relationship to Clustering of Crohn's Disease Cases in the City of Cardiff

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