An Assessment of Nutrition Education Interventions in Pregnancy Complicated by Diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes is the most common metabolic dysfunction in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of diabetes knowledge using various educational interventions, including Web-based, traditional in-person class, and a combination of Web-based and in-person education. A quasi-experimental nonequivalent control group pre/posttest design was utilized to assess diabetes and nutrition-related knowledge. There was no statistical difference found among the 3 interventions regarding the mean difference in pretest and posttest scores (P > .05). However, there was a statistically significant mean change in pretest and posttest scores for each intervention group (P < .05), indicating an improvement in nutrition knowledge in each group.

Internet-Based Interventions for Preventing Premature Birth Among Pregnant Women: Systematic Review

“… Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment using the revised Cochrane RoB tool for randomized trials [ 29 - 54 ]. …”

“…The 26 studies included in this review were conducted across various countries, with the largest number from the United States (6/26, 23% studies [ 29 - 34 ]), followed by China (4/26, 15% studies [ 35 - 38 ]), Taiwan (3/26, 11% studies [ 39 - 41 ]), Switzerland (2/26, 8% studies [ 42 , 43 ]), and the United Kingdom (2/26, 8% studies [ 44 , 45 ]). In addition, 1 study each was conducted in Australia [ 46 ], Canada [ 47 ], Iran [ 48 ], Ireland [ 49 ], the Netherlands [ 50 ], Norway [ 51 ], Spain [ 52 ], Sweden [ 53 ], and Thailand [ 54 ].…”

“…In addition, 1 study each was conducted in Australia [ 46 ], Canada [ 47 ], Iran [ 48 ], Ireland [ 49 ], the Netherlands [ 50 ], Norway [ 51 ], Spain [ 52 ], Sweden [ 53 ], and Thailand [ 54 ]. The publication years spanned from 1996 to 2022, with most studies (14/26, 54%) [ 32 - 34 , 40 - 46 , 49 , 51 - 53 ] published between 2010 and 2019, 42% (11/26) of the studies [ 29 , 31 , 35 - 39 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 54 ] published from 2020 to the time of the review, and 4% (1/26) of the studies [ 30 ] published before 2000. Among these, one study was published in Chinese [ 35 ] and another in Persian [ 48 ], with the remaining studies all written in English.…”

“…With regard to research design, 81% (21/26) of the studies used a randomized controlled experimental design [ 30 - 39 , 42 - 46 , 49 - 54 ], whereas 19% (5/26) of the studies used a quasi-experimental design [ 29 , 40 , 41 , 47 , 48 ]. The focus of these studies varied, with 8% (2/26) of the studies targeting pregnant women diagnosed with anxiety or depression [ 46 , 53 ], 27% (7/26) focusing on pregnant women with GDM or at risk of GDM [ 29 , 35 , 37 - 39 , 47 , 52 ], and 8% (2/26) involving women experiencing preterm labor [ 42 , 43 ]. Of the 26 studies, 1 (4%) was dedicated to pregnant smokers [ 44 ], 2 (8%) were dedicated to pregnant women using drugs or alcohol [ 30 , 34 ], and 1 (4%) was dedicated to those experiencing insomnia [ 31 ].…”

“…Furthermore, 19% (5/26) of the studies examined antenatal care interventions: 1 (20%) for nonspecific pregnant women [ 40 ] and 4 (80%) for those with GDM [ 35 , 37 , 47 , 52 ]. Education was the focus of 11% (3/26) of the studies, with 1 (33%) study focusing on diabetes diet education [ 29 ] and 2 (33%) studies focusing on general pregnancy health education [ 36 , 54 ]. Five studies targeted health behavior interventions, including diabetes dietary intake and exercise management [ 38 , 39 ], prenatal weight management behavior [ 32 , 33 ], and health care for substance abuse and risky sexual behavior [ 34 ].…”