An assessment of methods for routine local monitoring of vaccine efficacy, with particular reference to measles and pertussis

Clarkson, Jacqueline A; Fine, Paul E. M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800067996

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…An essential element of preparing for future pandemic waves is developing systems that can monitor vaccine effectiveness even when relatively low resources are available. Continuous, real-time monitoring of vaccine effectiveness is crucial for effective implementation of public health measures, for informing science, and for maintaining the trust of the public [ 21 – 23 ]. The linkage of the communicable disease surveillance system with the vaccination coverage system during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the enrichment with detailed data including date of application of the first dose, second dose and additional doses enabled the evaluation of the vaccine effectiveness in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infections and severe outcomes using routine surveillance data in Kosovo, July—September 2021

Rashiti-Bytyçi,

White Johansson,

Kaçaniku-Gunga

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background COVID-19 vaccines have proven effective against severe outcomes in many settings, yet vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates remain lacking for Kosovo. We aimed to estimate VE against COVID-19 infections, hospitalisations, and deaths for one and two vaccine doses during the fourth pandemic wave in July—September 2021, the period when vaccination initially became widely available. Methods We analysed routine surveillance data to define cases and vaccination status as partially (one dose) or completely (two doses) vaccinated. We used the screening method to calculate the proportion of cases with the outcomes vaccinated (PCV). The proportion of the population vaccinated (PPV) was based on numbers vaccinated and the Kosovo population estimate on 30/09/2021. Results Between July—September 2021, 51,804 COVID-19 cases were reported in Kosovo with 9.3% of cases partially and 3.4% completely vaccinated. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for one dose was 93.1% (95%CI:92.9–93.2%) for infections, 90.3% (95%CI:88.8–91.7%) for hospitalisations, and 90.3% (95%CI:88.4–92.1%) for deaths. Estimated vaccine effectiveness for two doses was 97.8% (95%CI:97.6–97.9%) for infections, 94.5% (95%CI:93.3–95.6%) for hospitalisations, and 94.2% (95%CI: 93.7–96.5%) for deaths. Conclusions This study provides real-world evidence for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in Kosovo using routine administrative data sources and the screening method. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infections and severe outcomes in Kosovo was higher with two vaccine doses than one dose, which is in accordance with findings from other study designs and settings. Using the screening method in our study reflects an important initial methodology for estimating vaccine effectiveness with routine surveillance that may be particularly important for low- and middle-income settings with less robust surveillance systems or fewer opportunities to conduct more robust vaccine effectiveness study designs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infections and severe outcomes using routine surveillance data in Kosovo, July—September 2021

Rashiti-Bytyçi,

White Johansson,

Kaçaniku-Gunga

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An essential element of preparing for the next pandemic wave is developing systems that can monitor vaccine effectiveness even when relatively low resources are available. Continuous, real-time monitoring of VE is crucially important, both for the optimal implementation of public health measures, for informing basic science, and for maintaining the trust of the public [14,19,20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of the Effectiveness of Six COVID-19 Vaccines against Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in Hungary in 2021 Using the Screening Method

et al. 2022

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Several studies have reported the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. This study aims to demonstrate the applicability of the screening method for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) in a pandemic. We report VE in Hungary, estimated with the screening method, in 2021, covering a period of Alpha and the Delta variant, including the booster dose roll-out. Hungary is in a unique position to use six different vaccines in the same population. All vaccines provided a high level of protection initially, which declined over time. While the picture is different in each age group, the waning of immunity is apparent for all vaccines, especially in the younger age groups and the Sinopharm, Sputnik-V, and AstraZeneca vaccines, which performed similarly. This is clearly reversed by booster doses, more prominent for those three vaccines, where the decline in protection is more evident. Overall, two vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna, tend to produce the best results in all age groups, even with waning immunity considered. Using the screening method in future pandemic waves is worthwhile, especially in countries struggling with a lack of resources or when there is a need to deliver VE results within a short timeframe due to urgent decision-making.

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“…The continuous, real-time monitoring of VE is crucially important, both for the optimal implementation of public health measures, for informing basic science and for maintaining the trust of the public [7][8][9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of six COVID-19 vaccines in Hungary in 2021 using the screening method

Horváth

Ferenci

Ferenczi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Several studies have reported a waning of the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. We report real-life vaccine effectiveness in Hungary, estimated with the screening method, in 2021, i.e., covering the dominance of both the Alpha and the Delta variant, and including the booster roll-out. Hungary is in the unique position to use six different vaccines (including the Sputnik V and Sinopharm vaccines, for which limited evidence was available prior to the present study) in the same, relatively homogeneous population. All vaccines provided high level of protection initially which declined over time. While the picture is different in each age group, the waning of immunity is apparent for all vaccines and especially in the younger age groups and the Si-nopharm, Sputnik-V and AstraZeneca vaccines, which performed similarly. This is clearly reversed by booster doses, more prominent for those vaccines, where recipients were more likely to take the booster dose (which were the aforementioned three vaccines). Booster dos-es were almost exclusively mRNA vaccines. Overall, two vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna tend to produce the best results in all age groups, and even with waning taken into account.

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An assessment of methods for routine local monitoring of vaccine efficacy, with particular reference to measles and pertussis

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infections and severe outcomes using routine surveillance data in Kosovo, July—September 2021

Estimation of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infections and severe outcomes using routine surveillance data in Kosovo, July—September 2021

Real-Time Monitoring of the Effectiveness of Six COVID-19 Vaccines against Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 in Hungary in 2021 Using the Screening Method

Real-time monitoring of the effectiveness of six COVID-19 vaccines in Hungary in 2021 using the screening method

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