Abstract:<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Land cover change is a dynamic phenomenon addressing environmental issues including natural calamities. Recent advancements in geospatial technology and availability of remote sensor data have fostered monitoring and mapping of land cover changes more precisely. Remote sensing is widely used where emerging research findings are focused mainly on coastal hazard studies. Tropical cyclones being an extreme weather event are more powerful and hazardous to southern pa… Show more
“…BOB cyclones have a tendency to move west or northwestwards, through Indian states viz., Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal, producing more rainfall during North East Monsoon [2]. Nivedita et al [3] and Clark et al [4] have stated in their studies that Indian monsoon rainfall statistically have high positive correlation with the sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) over most parts of the north Indian Ocean at lead times of 6-12 months.…”
Aim: Identifying the astrometeorological relationship between two planet’s aspect and cyclone events over Bay of Bengal (BOB).
Study Design: Correlating the two planet aspects calculated from the ephemeris and different stages of Cyclone event.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted as a part of post graduate thesis research at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: Collection of Cyclone track and their stage for each cyclone event observed from 1990 to 2016 over Bay of Bengal (BOB). Calculating planetary position for the cyclone track (eye point) and developing two planet’s aspects from the ephemeris. Correlating the two planet aspects and Cyclone event to identify frequency.
Results: Among the 36 two planets aspects studied, Uranus – Neptune and Sun – Mercury and Sun – Venus had higher influence on all the cyclone categories, whereas the Saturn – Uranus, Saturn - Neptune and Venus – Mars had high influence on high intensity cyclones from Very Severe Cyclone to Super Cyclone system. The highest number of category ‘D’ cyclones were observed with the conjunction of Uranus – Neptune (69.8%), category ‘DD’ in the Uranus – Neptune (67.6%), category ‘CS’ in the Uranus - Neptune (64.8%), category ‘SCS’ in the Uranus - Neptune (66.8%), category ‘VSCS’ in the Uranus – Neptune (68.3%), category ‘VSCS’ in the Uranus – Neptune (64.7%) and the category ‘SUCS’ in the Saturn conjunction with Uranus and Neptune (76.9%).
Conclusion: The study inferenced that, irrespective of 36 two-planet combinations, the 0-30 degrees two-planet aspects had more influence on cyclone intensity than other aspects of any two planets, in particular 0 – 10 degree aspects. Squares and oppositions angles between Mars, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are considered to be storm breeders and these angle between Mars and Saturn or Mars and Uranus can influence the formation of very energetic storm systems.
“…BOB cyclones have a tendency to move west or northwestwards, through Indian states viz., Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal, producing more rainfall during North East Monsoon [2]. Nivedita et al [3] and Clark et al [4] have stated in their studies that Indian monsoon rainfall statistically have high positive correlation with the sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) over most parts of the north Indian Ocean at lead times of 6-12 months.…”
Aim: Identifying the astrometeorological relationship between two planet’s aspect and cyclone events over Bay of Bengal (BOB).
Study Design: Correlating the two planet aspects calculated from the ephemeris and different stages of Cyclone event.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted as a part of post graduate thesis research at Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Methodology: Collection of Cyclone track and their stage for each cyclone event observed from 1990 to 2016 over Bay of Bengal (BOB). Calculating planetary position for the cyclone track (eye point) and developing two planet’s aspects from the ephemeris. Correlating the two planet aspects and Cyclone event to identify frequency.
Results: Among the 36 two planets aspects studied, Uranus – Neptune and Sun – Mercury and Sun – Venus had higher influence on all the cyclone categories, whereas the Saturn – Uranus, Saturn - Neptune and Venus – Mars had high influence on high intensity cyclones from Very Severe Cyclone to Super Cyclone system. The highest number of category ‘D’ cyclones were observed with the conjunction of Uranus – Neptune (69.8%), category ‘DD’ in the Uranus – Neptune (67.6%), category ‘CS’ in the Uranus - Neptune (64.8%), category ‘SCS’ in the Uranus - Neptune (66.8%), category ‘VSCS’ in the Uranus – Neptune (68.3%), category ‘VSCS’ in the Uranus – Neptune (64.7%) and the category ‘SUCS’ in the Saturn conjunction with Uranus and Neptune (76.9%).
Conclusion: The study inferenced that, irrespective of 36 two-planet combinations, the 0-30 degrees two-planet aspects had more influence on cyclone intensity than other aspects of any two planets, in particular 0 – 10 degree aspects. Squares and oppositions angles between Mars, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are considered to be storm breeders and these angle between Mars and Saturn or Mars and Uranus can influence the formation of very energetic storm systems.
“…The Sundarbans encountered areal damage of 2500 km 2 by the tropical cyclone Sidr in 2007 [26]. Mangrove regions in Orissa and Tamilnadu in India experienced severe damage by several cyclones, e.g., the Super cyclone in 1999 [111], Vardah cyclone in 2016 [112], Ockhi cyclone in 2017 [113], and Gaja cyclone in 2018 [114].…”
Globally, mangrove forests are substantially declining, and a globally synthesized database containing the drivers of deforestation and drivers’ interactions is scarce. Here, we synthesized the key social-ecological drivers of global mangrove deforestation by reviewing about two hundred published scientific studies over the last four decades (from 1980 to 2021). Our focus was on both natural and anthropogenic drivers with their gradual and abrupt impacts and on their geographic coverage of effects, and how these drivers interact. We also summarized the patterns of global mangrove coverage decline between 1990 and 2020 and identified the threatened mangrove species. Our consolidated studies reported an 8600 km2 decline in the global mangrove coverage between 1990 and 2020, with the highest decline occurring in South and Southeast Asia (3870 km2). We could identify 11 threatened mangrove species, two of which are critically endangered (Sonneratia griffithii and Bruguiera hainseii). Our reviewed studies pointed to aquaculture and agriculture as the predominant driver of global mangrove deforestation though their impacts varied across global regions. Gradual climate variations, i.e., sea-level rise, long-term precipitation, and temperature changes and driven coastline erosion, salinity intrusion and acidity at coasts, constitute the second major group of drivers. Our findings underline a strong interaction across natural and anthropogenic drivers, with the strongest interaction between the driver groups aquaculture and agriculture and industrialization and pollution. Our results suggest prioritizing globally coordinated empirical studies linking drivers and mangrove deforestation and global development of policies for mangrove conservation.
“…Mangrove regions in Orissa and Tamilnadu in India experienced severe damages by several cyclones, e.g. the Super cyclone in 1999 [115], Vardah cyclone in 2016 [116], Ockhi cyclone in 2017 [117], and Gaja cyclone in 2018 [118].…”
Globally mangrove forests are substantially declining and a globally synthesized database of the drivers of deforestation and drivers’ interaction is scarce. Here we synthesized the key social-ecological drivers of global mangrove deforestation by reviewing about two hundred published scientific studies over the last four decades (from 1980 to 2021). Our focus was on both natural and anthropogenic drivers with gradual and abrupt impacts and their geographic ranges of effects and how these drivers interact. We also summarized the patterns of global mangrove coverage decline between 1990 and 2020 and identified the threatened mangrove species and their geographic ranges. Our consolidated studies reported a 8,600 km2 decline in the global mangrove coverage between 1990 and 2020 with the highest decline occurring in South and Southeast Asia (3870 km2). We could identify 11 threatened mangrove species, two of which are critically endangered (Sonneratia griffithii and Bruguiera hainseii). Our reviewed studies pointed to aquaculture and agriculture as the predominant driver of global mangrove deforestation though the spatial distribution of their impacts varied. Gradual climate variations, i.e. seal-level rise, long-term precipitation and temperature changes and driven coastline erosion, constitute the second major group of drivers. Our findings underline a strong interaction across natural and anthropogenic drivers with the strongest interaction between the driver groups aquaculture and agriculture and industrialization and pollution. Our results suggest prioritizing globally coordinated empirical studies linking drivers and mangrove changes and a global development of policies for mangrove conservation.
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