An assessment of energy benefits of efficient household air-conditioners in Brazil

Application of best practice for setting minimum energy efficiency standards in technically disadvantaged countries: Case study of Air Conditioners in Brunei Darussalam

“…The LCC analysis can ensure that government-mandated programs do not pose a financial burden to consumers and the MEPS has a positive impact on the nation. This LCC analysis has been well accepted in the literature, such as Cardoso et al [7], Letschert et al [8], Lu [9], Ni [10], Mahlia et al [11], Nogueiraa et al [12], Tao and Yu [13], Vendrusculo et al [14]. Currently, LCC analysis has been undergone various extension.…”

“…Despite Brunei is a TDC, we follow the best practice to ensure the quality of the policy making. The Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program (CLASP)'s Policy Analysis Modeling System (PAMS) model [32], which has been used by rigorous researchers, such as Cardoso et al [7], Vendrusculo et al [14], and Letschert et al [8] in justifying MEPS levels, is adopted. This model is consistent with the LCC analysis and national impact analysis used by the US DOE in support of its rulemakings on appliance EE standards [33,6] and the model of the Australian Ministerial Council on Energy in estimating options for revising AC MEPS in 2010 [34].…”

“…However, such proposal cannot address the concerns of the stakeholders who might upset the Bruneian Monarchy who does not want to hear complaints. Second, the academic studies, such as Cardoso et al [7], Vendrusculo et al [14], Letschert et al [8] often rely on many secondary data, such as cost-efficiency relationship which were not available, and do not cover many other policy issues that policy makers are concerned with, such as impact on disadvantaged households and the business sector. Third, the best practice from developed countries such as Australia and the US cannot be extended to Brunei because of a lack of local expertise as well technical and financial ability to reveal key parameters and produce prototype products.…”

“…Based on the historical average growth rate of GDP between 1983 and 2012 [24], the annual income growth is assumed to be 2%. The life time of ACs was set at 10 years, 2 years lower than assumed in the literature [7,37] for the consideration that ACs are run all the year and thus will have short life span than those used seasonally. The CO 2 emission factors for electricity production was take from IEA [40].…”

The effects of energy efficiency and environmental labels on appliance choice in South Korea

“…For example, the US ENERGY STAR Label indicates that the labeled appliance is more energy efficient than an unlabeled appliance and is used to assist consumers' decision making by providing information, and the European Energy Label enables consumers to compare the energy efficiency of appliances (Cardoso et al 2012;Galarraga et al 2011;Heinzle and Wüstenhagen 2012;Mills and Schleich 2010;Murray and Mills 2011;Sammer and Wüstenhagen 2006;Ward et al 2011). Similarly, eco-labels certifying the environmental friendliness of products could assist consumers' green purchasing habits by providing information about environmental attributes of products.…”