An assessment of counseling quality provided by community pharmacies to type 2 diabetic adult patients for oral therapy: a simulated patient study from Pakistan

Aziz, Muhammad Majid; Yang, Shijie; Masood, Imran; Zhu, Shaowei; Raza, Muhammad Ali; Ji, Wenjing; Anwar, Naveed; Saeed, Amna; Fang, Yu

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej18-0429

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Approximately 80% of medicines are sold through 63,000 CPs that are under the supervision of 810 pharmacists [ 46 ]. GPP can indeed be a challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication

Alenezi,

Alanazi,

Aljazaeri

et al. 2023

Pharmacy

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Community pharmacies (CPs) in Asian countries are often the first point of contact for patients withinthe healthcare system and their preferred place to purchase medicines. The number of CPs may vary across Asian countries, and each country has developed its own design and functioning. The regulatory environment plays a crucial role in shaping and governing CPs. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive literature review in order to enhance understanding of the establishment and regulation of CPs. By undertaking this review, the researchers, policymakers, and practitioners sought to gain a deeper insight into the performance and functions of CPs and the regulatory frameworks that govern them. Moreover, this review shed light on implementation strategies, effects on patient outcomes, and the barriers and challenges associated with their establishment. A narrative literature review method was adopted with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Significant disparities can be observed when comparing the stated intentions of regulations with their actual implementation. Recently, there has been an inclusion of public health practices. Unfortunately, pharmacy procedures conducted in such environments have been characterized by inadequate understanding and inappropriate care. This poor performance can be attributed to employees’ focus on maximizing profits. Several shortcomings can arise, including incomplete patient history documentation, failure to refer patients who require medical attention, unauthorized dispensing of prescription-only medicines (POM), dispensing clinically inappropriate or excessive medication doses, selling incomplete antibiotic courses, and inadequate information and counseling services. Regulatory interventions can help strengthen these services.

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“…Approximately 80% of medicines are sold through 63,000 CPs that are under the supervision of 810 pharmacists [ 46 ]. GPP can indeed be a challenge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication

Alenezi,

Alanazi,

Aljazaeri

et al. 2023

Pharmacy

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“…The total population in this area is 34,747,064 [ 40 ]. Whereas total 22,319 community pharmacies are located in Punjab province [ 41 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispensing of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics from Community Pharmacies of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pharmacy Staff’s Opinion

et al. 2021

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Community pharmacies are the main channel of antibiotics distribution. We aimed to analyze the dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics and knowledge of pharmacy staff. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan between December 2017 and March 2018. A self-administered, structured, pretested, and validated bilingual questionnaire was used, and we used chi-square tests in the statistical analysis. A total of 573 (91.7%) pharmacy retailers responded to the survey; 44.0% were aged 31–40 years and all were men. Approximately 81.5% of participants declared that dispensing non-prescribed antibiotics is a common practice in community pharmacies, and 51.1% considered themselves to be authorized to dispense these drugs; 69.3% believed this a contributing factor to antimicrobial resistance. Most (79.1%) respondents believed that this practice promotes irrational antibiotics use, and half (52.2%) considered antimicrobial resistance to be a public health issue. Only 34.5% of respondents reported recommending that patients consult with a doctor prior to using antibiotics, and 61.8% perceived that their dispensing practices reduce patients’ economic burden. Approximately 44.9% of pharmacy retailers stated that they have proper knowledge about antibiotics use. Nitroimidazole was the main class of antibiotic dispensed without a prescription. Dispensing of injectable and broad-spectrum antibiotics can be potential threat for infection cure. Poor knowledge of staff is associated with dispensing of non-prescribed antibiotics. This inappropriate practice must be addressed immediately.

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“…Many studies employ this method to research the quality of services and evaluate areas for improvement [5,7,8]. The main point of conducting an SP study is to observe the healthcare providers in their normal practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated client method in examining medicine price

Lee¹,

Kassab²,

Taha³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Purpose: This study was aimed to systematically identify and review studies conducted using simulated client/patients that examine medicine selling prices in healthcare settings, including pharmacies, clinics, and hospitals. The quoted drug pricing information, including the dispensing fees and healthcare financing system of the countries involved, were also compared.Design/methodology/approach: We searched Pubmed, OVID, Scopus, Ebsco (Medline) and ProQuest for papers reporting on simulated patient studies in various medical settings, specifying drug or pharmaceutical pricings. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, cohort or case–control studies, and descriptive studies were included. The quality of included studies was checked using a validated tool.Findings: A total of 19 papers from 13 countries from all regions of the world were included in this systematic review. Various ,edical conditions that were presented by the simulated patients, such as cancer, back pain, insomnia and diarrhoea. Information on certain prescription and non-prescription drugs such as buprenorphine, methadone and antibiotics were reported in four studies. Most healthcare facilities adhere to prescribed selling prices, according to the medicine selling price trend examined in this study. Only around half of the research found that medicine prices were higher than the typical selling price. Some countries that practise price control policies were found to have higher drug selling prices than those that do not.Originality/value: This review, for the first time, revealed that simulated patient method is a practical solution to obtain pharmaceutical price information from healthcare provider and most healthcare facilities adhere to the recommended selling prices.

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An assessment of counseling quality provided by community pharmacies to type 2 diabetic adult patients for oral therapy: a simulated patient study from Pakistan

Abstract: 1), 2), 3), 4) , Shimin Yang 1), 2), 3), 4) , Imran Masood 5) , Shan Zhu 1), 2), 3), 4) , Muhammad Ali Raza 6) , Wenjing Ji 1), 2), 3), 4) , Naveed Anwar 7) , Amna Saeed 8) and Yu Fang 1), 2), 3), 4)

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication

Community Pharmacies in the Asian Countries of Developing Health System: Formation, Regulation, and Implication

Dispensing of Non-Prescribed Antibiotics from Community Pharmacies of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Pharmacy Staff’s Opinion

A systematic review of the use of simulated client method in examining medicine price

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