An assessment of benzimidazole resistance against caprine nematodes in Central India

Abstract

Current status of resistance to benzimidazole (BZ) group of anthelmintic drugs against caprine nematodes in Central India at Amanala goat farm, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (M. P.), was systematically investigated using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test and egg hatch test (EHT). Besides, allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) was deployed to ascertain the susceptible genotype (alleles) especially of the Haemonchus contortus. Randomly selected 30 goats, irrespective of age and sex, were divided into three groups of 10 each, to serve as treated and untreated controls. It was ensured that the animals were not administered with an anthelmintic drug for the past 3 months prior to undertaking the study, and faecal egg counts were estimated. FECR test evidenced fenbendazole resistance by partial elimination (24.90%) copro-egg counts in the treated group of animals vis-à-vis controls with a lower confidence interval of -26%. Further, EHT revealed ED-50 value of 0.335 μg of thiabendazole/ml, confirming benzimidazole resistance in the animals of that farm. AS-PCR showed that 62% of H. contortus larvae were homozygous resistant (rr), 24% heterozygous (rS) and 14% homozygous susceptible (SS). The genotypic frequencies of three genotypes (rr, rS and SS) were significantly (P < 0.01) different. The prevalence of benzimidazole resistance allele (r) was also significantly (P < 0.01) higher (74%) as compared to susceptible allele (S) (26%). The resistance to benzimidazole has been discussed while emphasizing improved managemental practices designed to reduce exposure of the goat population to parasites, minimize frequency of anthelmintic use at optimum dose and rotational use of different chemical groups of medicines with different mode of action, so as to overcome and combat the upcoming problem in the field.

Genotypic and Biochemical Variation in the Response of Barley to the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica) at Seedling Stage

“…Increase in the amount of resistance enzymes has been confirmed against different plant pathogens in several studies (Potpour et al, 2000;Kuvalekar et al, 2011;Anjum et al, 2012). These changes are represented in infected tissues especially in resistant cultivars (Dixit et al, 2017) that was quite consistent with the findings of this study. In addition, evaluation in the frequency of resistance enzymes to fungal disease (Fusarium oxysporum F. SP.…”

“…Radices-cucumerinum) overlapped with our results (Moghbeli et al, 2017). In our study, after nematode inoculation, PROX activity increased in resistant cultivars according to Nayak and Pandey (2016) and Dixit et al (2017) studies. Aemmr et al (2014) stated that SOD activity decreased when PROX activity increased in resistant cultivars, while in the present study, SOD activity increased in resistant cultivars and had a direct correlation with PROX activity.…”

First identification of the benzimidazole resistance-associated F200Y SNP in the beta-tubulin gene in Ascaris lumbricoides

“…These hypotheses are consistent with the results obtained previously by our group when we evaluated codons 167 and 198 of some of these same samples [11]. If these populations had been subjected to frequent treatments, probably SNPs linked to benzimidazole resistance would be more frequent, as described for other parasite populations [29,30].…”

“…The prevalence observed in our results is lower than the prevalence reported for veterinary parasites, as in H . contortus [29,30]. However, in some studies that analyzed these SNPs in ascarids of veterinary importance (i.e P .…”

Standardization and application of a modified RFLP-PCR methodology for analysis of polymorphisms linked to treatment resistance in Ancylostoma braziliense

“…According to Silvestre & Cabaret [ 19 ], it is possible that this single heterozygous mutation is sufficient to render the worm resistant to benzimidazole treatment, which is concerning. The frequency of this mutation found in the present work can be considered low compared to that found in studies of parasites of livestock [ 20 ]. In general, research involving cattle parasites tends to show a high frequency of SNPs in the beta-tubulin isotype 1 gene [ 21 ].…”