An assertiveness inventory for adults.

The adult self expression scale: Validation by the multitrait-multimethod procedure

“…The Adult Self Expression Scale (ASES) (Gay et al, 1975) is a 48-item selfreport measure of assertion. In a previous study, the ASES was found to have high Sample 1.…”

Assertiveness and Anxiety Effects in Traditional and Online Interactions

“…Two items from the Adult Self-Expression Scale were used (Gay, Hollandsworth & Galassi, 1975) to assess assertiveness. The two items were: (1) "Do you keep your opinions to yourself?"…”

The Assertive Interaction Coding System

“…First, there is a need for an objective, standardized instrument that can be used reliably across experiments by different researchers. Such an instrument could be used (1) as a screening device to identify those clients that might benefit from assertion training programs; ~(2) to identify specific interpersonal problems areas that the client might have; and (3) as a research tool that would allow comparisons of the efficacy of different treatment programs (Gay et al, 1975). A second point of consensus is a concern that such an instrument has not been available (Bates and Zimmerman, 1971;Galassi et aL, 1974;Rathus, 1973;Heimberg et al, 1977;Rich and Schroeder, 1976).…”

“…Lack of assertiveness has been implicated in a wide variety of presenting problems including serious problems at work, in school, or in. the home (Gay et al, 1975) and in perpetuating continued emotional turmoil in situations where anxiety" inhibits the expression of appropriate feelings and adaptive social acts (Bates and Zimmerman, 1971). In response to these observations, various assessment and training approaches have been designed to improve social skills with such diverse populations as nonassertive college students (Curran and Gilbert, 1975;McFall and Lillesand, 1971;McFall and Marston, 1970;McFall and Twentyman, 1973), neurotic outpatients (Goldstein et al, 1973), schizophrenics (Edelstein and Eisler, 1976;Weinman et al, 1972), retarded young adults (Doleys et al, 1977), and the elderly (Edinberg et al, 1977).…”