An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020

Ohara, Toshimasa; Akimoto, Hajime; Kurokawa, Junichi; Horii, Nobuhiro; Yamaji, Katsuhiko; Yan, Xiaoyuan; Hayasaka, Tadahiro

doi:10.5194/acp-7-4419-2007

Cited by 1,334 publications

(831 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Given the weak temperature and pressure dependence of Reaction (10) the chemical production term should also not be influenced, although the differences in background methane mixing ratios of a few tens of ppb will result in a small increase in CH 3 ONO 2 via enhanced mixing ratios of CH 3 O 2 . Moreover, the significant changes in Asian NO x emissions over the decade which are included in our simulations (Ohara et al, 2007) will not affect such remote regions to any significant extent due to westerly transport away towards the US being dominant (Zhang et al, 2008). The measurement data is binned at a resolution of 100 m altitude in order to aid interpretation of the comparisons.…”

Section: Comparisons Against Surface and Aircraft Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For anthropogenic emissions we use a hybrid complied using the RETRO inventory (Schultz et al, 2007; http://retro.enes.org) and the REAS (Regional Emission Inventory in Asia) inventory for the Asian region (Ohara et al, 2007) between 60-150 • E and 10 • S-50 • N. The exception is CH 4 , which we take from EDGARv4.2 (http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/). For biomass-burning emissions, we use the GFEDv3 monthly emission inventory (van der Werf et al, 2010).…”

Section: Definition Of the Emission Scenarios And Sensitivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH3O2 reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The formation, abundance and distribution of organic nitrates are relevant for determining the production efficiency and resident mixing ratios of tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) on both regional and global scales. Here we investigate the effect of applying the recently measured direct chemical production of methyl nitrate (CH 3 ONO 2 ) during NO x recycling involving the methyl-peroxy radical on the global tropospheric distribution of CH 3 ONO 2 and the perturbations introduced towards tropospheric NO x and O 3 using the TM5 global chemistry transport model. By comparisons against numerous observations, we show that the global surface distribution of CH 3 ONO 2 can be largely explained by introducing the chemical production mechanism using a branching ratio of 0.3 %, when assuming a direct oceanic emission source of ∼ 0.15 Tg N yr −1 . On a global scale, the chemical production of CH 3 ONO 2 converts 1 Tg N yr −1 from nitrogen oxide for this branching ratio. The resident mixing ratios of CH 3 ONO 2 are found to be highly sensitive to the dry deposition velocity that is prescribed, where more than 50 % of the direct oceanic emission is lost near the source regions, thereby mitigating the subsequent effects due to long-range and convective transport out of the source region. For the higher alkyl nitrates (RONO 2 ) we find improvements in the simulated distribution near the surface in the tropics (10 • S-10 • N) when introducing direct oceanic emissions equal to ∼ 0.17 Tg N yr −1 . In terms of the vertical profile of CH 3 ONO 2 , there are persistent overestimations in the free troposphere and underestimations in the upper troposphere across a wide range of latitudes and longitudes when compared against data from measurement campaigns. This suggests either a missing transport pathway or source/sink term, although measurements show significant variability in resident mixing ratios at high altitudes at global scale. For the vertical profile of RONO 2 , TM5 performs better at tropical latitudes than at mid-latitudes, with similar features in the comparisons to those for CH 3 ONO 2 . Comparisons of CH 3 ONO 2 with a wide range of surface measurements shows that further constraints are necessary regarding the variability in the deposition terms for different land surfaces in order to improve on the comparisons presented here. For total reactive nitrogen (NO y ) ∼ 20 % originates from alkyl nitrates in the tropics and subtropics, where the introduction of both direct oceanic emissions and the chemical formation mechanism of CH 3 ONO 2 only makes a ∼ 5 % contribution to the total alkyl nitrate content in the upper troposphere when compared with aircraft observations. We find that the increases in tropospheric O 3 that occur due oxidation of CH 3 ONO 2 originating from direct oceanic emission is negated when accounting for the chemical formation of CH 3 ONO 2 , meaning that the impact of such oceanic emissions on atmospheric lifetimes becomes marginal when a branching ratio of 0.3 % is adopted.

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Section: Comparisons Against Surface and Aircraft Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definition Of the Emission Scenarios And Sensitivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH3O2 reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

et al. 2014

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“…These modelled emissions were then scaled to match the average integrated emission flux over a day measured by eddy-covariance at the two sites. Anthropogenic emissions where taken from the inventory of Ohara et al [46] and no diurnal cycle was applied. These plants are virtual non-emitters of isoprene and monoterpenes [47,48].…”

Section: (B) Global Modelling Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality

Pyle

Warwick

Harris

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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We present results from the OP3 campaign in Sabah during 2008 that allow us to study the impact of local emission changes over Borneo on atmospheric composition at the regional and wider scale. OP3 constituent data provide an important constraint on model performance. Treatment of boundary layer processes is highlighted as an important area of model uncertainty. Model studies of land-use change confirm earlier work, indicating that further changes to intensive oil palm agriculture in South East Asia, and the tropics in general, could have important impacts on air quality, with the biggest factor being the concomitant changes in NO x emissions. With the model scenarios used here, local increases in ozone of around 50 per cent could occur. We also report measurements of short-lived brominated compounds around Sabah suggesting that oceanic (and, especially, coastal) emission sources dominate locally. The concentration of bromine in short-lived halocarbons measured at the surface during OP3 amounted to about 7 ppt, setting an upper limit on the amount of these species that can reach the lower stratosphere.

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“…These regions now experience a significant decrease in their aerosol emissions; although this is not the case for Asian emissions, which are still increasing. Their decrease is projected to take place in the next decades, although the exact timing is quite difficult to estimate, as the projections for energy demand, biofuel consumption and the introduction of new technologies are not set in stone (Ohara et al, 2007). In addition to anthropogenic emissions occurring in densely populated and industrialised regions, it seems that two local sources could affect the Arctic atmosphere in the decades to come: first, ship emissions could increase significantly, as summer sea-ice retreat will open new routes across the Arctic Ocean (Corbett et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boreal and temperate snow cover variations induced by black carbon emissions in the middle of the 21st century

et al. 2013

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Abstract. We used a coupled climate-chemistry model to quantify the impacts of aerosols on snow cover north of 30 • N both for the present-day and for the middle of the 21st century. Black carbon (BC) deposition over continents induces a reduction in the mean number of days with snow at the surface (MNDWS) that ranges from 0 to 10 days over large areas of Eurasia and Northern America for the presentday relative to the pre-industrial period. This is mainly due to BC deposition during the spring, a period of the year when the remaining of snow accumulated during the winter is exposed to both strong solar radiation and a large amount of aerosol deposition induced themselves by a high level of transport of particles from polluted areas. North of 30 • N, this deposition flux represents 222 Gg BC month −1 on average from April to June in our simulation. A large reduction in BC emissions is expected in the future in all of the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. In particular, considering the RCP8.5 in our simulation leads to a decrease in the spring BC deposition down to 110 Gg month −1 in the 2050s. However, despite the reduction of the aerosol impact on snow, the MNDWS is strongly reduced by 2050, with a decrease ranging from 10 to 100 days from presentday values over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere. This reduction is essentially due to temperature increase, which is quite strong in the RCP8.5 scenario in the absence of climate mitigation policies. Moreover, the projected sea-ice retreat in the next decades will open new routes for shipping in the Arctic. However, a large increase in shipping emissions in the Arctic by the mid-21st century does not lead to significant changes of BC deposition over snow-covered areas in our simulation. Therefore, the MNDWS is clearly not affected through snow darkening effects associated with these Arctic ship emissions. In an experiment without nudging toward atmospheric reanalyses, we simulated however some changes of the MNDWS considering such aerosol ship emissions. These changes are generally not statistically significant in boreal continents, except in Quebec and in the West Siberian plains, where they range between −5 and −10 days. They are induced both by radiative forcings of the aerosols when they are in the snow and in the atmosphere, and by all the atmospheric feedbacks. These experiments do not take into account the feedbacks induced by the interactions between ocean and atmosphere as they were conducted with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Climate change by the mid-21st century could also cause biomass burning activity (forest fires) to become more intense and occur earlier in the season. In an idealised scenario in which forest fires are 50 % stronger and occur 2 weeks earlier and later than at present, we simulated an increase in spring BC deposition of 21 Gg BC month −1 over continents located north of 30 • N. This BC deposition does not impact directly the snow cover through snow darkening effects. However, in an experiment considering ...

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An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020

Abstract: Abstract. We developed a new emission inventory for Asia (Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) Version 1

Cited by 1,334 publications

References 44 publications

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality

Boreal and temperate snow cover variations induced by black carbon emissions in the middle of the 21st century

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An Asian emission inventory of anthropogenic emission sources for the period 1980–2020

Abstract: Abstract. We developed a new emission inventory for Asia (Regional Emission inventory in ASia (REAS) Version 1

Cited by 1,334 publications

References 44 publications

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

The impact of local surface changes in Borneo on atmospheric composition at wider spatial scales: coastal processes, land-use change and air quality

Boreal and temperate snow cover variations induced by black carbon emissions in the middle of the 21st century

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Resources

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The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study

The impact of the chemical production of methyl nitrate from the NO + CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> reaction on the global distributions of alkyl nitrates, nitrogen oxides and tropospheric ozone: a global modelling study