An artificial neural network approach for creating an ethical artificial agent

Honarvar, Ali Reza; Ghasem-Aghaee, Nasser

doi:10.1109/cira.2009.5423190

Cited by 21 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…He considers stimuli to behavior mappings and extends them with ethical constraints in order to ensure appropriate robot response (consistent with law). In the another example, Honarvar [40] used a CBR-like mechanism to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to classify what is morally acceptable in a beliefe-desire-intention (BDI) framework [77]. He used this framework to augment the ethical knowledge of sales-agent in an e-commerce application [39].…”

Section: Machine Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethical Landscape of Robotics

Lichocki

Kahn

Billard

2011

IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag.

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Abstract-This paper surveys some of the main ethical issues pertaining to robotics that have been discussed in the literature. We start with the idea of responsibility ascription that arises when an autonomous system malfunctions or harms people. Next, we discuss various ethical issues emerging in two sets of robotic applications: service robots that peacefully interact with humans and lethal robots created to fight in battlefields. Then, we provide a short overview of machine ethics, a new research trend that aims at designing and implementing artificial systems with "morally" acceptable behavior. We then highlight resulting gaps in legislation, and discuss the need for guidelines to regulate the creation and deployment of such autonomous systems. Often, when designing such systems, the benefits tend to overshadow partly unknown but potentially large negative consequences.

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Section: Machine Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ethical Landscape of Robotics

Lichocki

Kahn

Billard

2011

IEEE Robot. Automat. Mag.

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“…Of particular interest, for example, is the experience of Iranian researchers Honarvar and Ghasem-Aghaee [ 64 ], who employed a CBR strategy to instruct an artificial neural network to perform a classification of what is or is not ethically correct.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Increasing Centrality of Robotic Technology in the Context of Nursing Care: Bioethical Implications Analyzed through a Scoping Review Approach

Gibelli

Ricci

Sirignano

et al. 2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

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At the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution, the healthcare industry is experiencing a momentous shift in the direction of increasingly pervasive technologization of care. If, up until the 2000s, imagining healthcare provided by robots was a purely futuristic fantasy, today, such a scenario is in fact a concrete reality, especially in some countries, such as Japan, where nursing care is largely delivered by assistive and social robots in both public and private healthcare settings, as well as in home care. This revolution in the context of care, already underway in many countries and destined to take place soon on a global scale, raises obvious ethical issues, related primarily to the progressive dehumanization of healthcare, a process which, moreover, has undergone an important acceleration following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has made it necessary to devise new systems to deliver healthcare services while minimizing interhuman contact. According to leading industry experts, nurses will be the primary users of healthcare robots in the short term. The aim of this study is to provide a general overview, through a scoping review approach, of the most relevant ethical issues that have emerged in the nursing care field in relation to the increasingly decisive role that service robots play in the provision of care. Specifically, through the adoption of the population-concept-context framework, we formulated this broad question: what are the most relevant ethical issues directly impacting clinical practice that arise in nursing care delivered by assistive and social robots? We conducted the review according to the five-step methodology outlined by Arksey and O’Malley. The first two steps, formulating the main research question and carrying out the literature search, were performed based on the population-context-concept (PCC) framework suggested by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Starting from an initial quota of 2,328 scientific papers, we performed an initial screening through a computer system by eliminating duplicated and non-English language articles. The next step consisted of selection based on a reading of the titles and abstracts, adopting four precise exclusion criteria: articles related to a nonnursing environment, articles dealing with bioethical aspects in a marginal way, articles related to technological devices other than robots, and articles that did not treat the dynamics of human-robot relationships in depth. Of the 2,328 titles and abstracts screened, we included 14. The results of the 14 papers revealed the existence of nonnegligible difficulties in the integration of robotic systems within nursing, leading to a lively search for new theoretical ethical frameworks, in which robots can find a place; concurrent with this exploration are the frantic attempts to identify the best ethical design system applicable to robots who work alongside nurses in hospital wards. In the final part of the paper, we also proposed considerations about the Italian nursing context and the legal implications of nursing care provided by robots in light of the Italian legislative panorama. Regarding future perspectives, this paper offers insights regarding robot engagement strategies within nursing.

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“…In future works we extend and adapt our previous works on ethical reasoning in artificial agents [23], [24] to develop an artificial ethical agent to recommend ethical advertisements to customers on the web. Considering the emotions of users on the web and extract the emotions and combing it with the personalized web usage profile of users is to be another concern that will be conducted in future works.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collecting User Preferences from User Activities on E-Commerce Web-Site Focusing on Sending Targeted Advertisements

Nasirinejad¹

2018

JCP

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Internet is growing as a global marketplace. For the foreseeable future, online advertising remains as the main source of revenue on the web. Taking advantage of Web mining techniques is useful in this way that it is possible to replace personalized ads by public advertisement by examining the user profile and extracting his interests. Since the data, associated with user performance, have a large volume and are generated in high speed and are very versatile, they can be called as big data. As it will be explained below, the processing of big data seems impossible using traditional technology. Using relational database in order to process huge data is very difficult; hence, the use of a non-relational database such as MongoDB can facilitate the processing of data in addition to resolve the mentioned issues. A major problem in the process of understanding the user's favorites and sending his favorite target advertising is to collect information that will help researchers in this field; In order to collect this information, the website designed for an electronics store database with MongoDB database has been redesigned in which the required factors, including the user login time to the site, number of visits per page, the number of rotating the mouse cursor over the product image etc. have been considered to understand the user interests, and thereby, their interest has been identified; then it has been used in a 6-month period by the customers of the store. After collecting and analyzing the data, it was observed that different users have different performance in site and suggestions have been provided to improve site performance, customer satisfaction and online store sales based on their tastes.

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An artificial neural network approach for creating an ethical artificial agent

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

The Ethical Landscape of Robotics

The Ethical Landscape of Robotics

The Increasing Centrality of Robotic Technology in the Context of Nursing Care: Bioethical Implications Analyzed through a Scoping Review Approach

Collecting User Preferences from User Activities on E-Commerce Web-Site Focusing on Sending Targeted Advertisements

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