An Artificial “gum‐tree” for marmosets (<i>Callithrix j. jacchus</i>)

McGrew, William C.; Jm, Brennan; Russell, J. K.

doi:10.1002/zoo.1430050106

Cited by 48 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Cadaveric specimens were provided by the New England Primate Research Center (Southborough, MA, USA) and the Dumond Conservancy (Miami, FL, USA). Although all specimens were captive raised, these individuals perform gouging behaviors similar to those of wild individuals (McGrew et al, 1986).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Eng

Ward

Vinyard

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYCommon marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) generate wide jaw gapes when gouging trees with their anterior teeth to elicit tree exudate flow. Closely related cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) do not gouge trees but share similar diets including exudates. Maximizing jaw opening theoretically compromises the bite forces that marmosets can generate during gouging. To investigate how jaw-muscle architecture and craniofacial position impact muscle performance during gouging, we combine skull and jaw-muscle architectural features to model muscle force production across a range of jaw gapes in these two species. We incorporate joint mechanics, resting sarcomere length and muscle architecture estimates from the masseter and temporalis to model muscle excursion, sarcomere length and relative tension as a function of joint angle. Muscle excursion from occlusion to an estimated maximum functional gape of 55deg. was smaller in all regions of the masseter and temporalis of C. jacchus compared with S. oedipus except the posterior temporalis. As a consequence of reduced muscle excursion distributed over more sarcomeres in series (i.e. longer fibers), sarcomere length operating ranges are smaller in C. jacchus jaw muscles across this range of gapes. This configuration allows C. jacchus to act on a more favorable portion of the length-tension curve at larger gapes and thereby generate relatively greater tension in these muscles compared with S. oedipus. Our results suggest that biting performance during tree gouging in common marmosets is improved by a musculoskeletal configuration that reduces muscle stretch at wide gapes while simultaneously facilitating comparatively large muscle forces at the extremes of jaw opening.

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Section: Materials and Methods Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphology of the masticatory apparatus facilitates muscle force production at wide jaw gapes in tree-gouging common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Eng

Ward

Vinyard

et al. 2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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show abstract

“…These include a number of ingenious approaches that for example promote behaviour mimicking termite fishing for chimpanzees and gnawing wood for gum in marmosets using a gum-feeder (McGrew et al, 1986) the latter being shown to be successful in reducing stereotypic behaviour and inactivity (Roberts et al, 1999). An extensive range of feeding enrichment devices are described and reviewed elsewhere (e.g.…”

Section: Feeding Enrichment Devicesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enrichment and aggression in primates

Honess

Marín

2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

108

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“…Moreover, not all toys are beneficial; sticks and small nylon balls placed in cages of singly housed rhesus monkeys produce little reaction [Line & Morgan, 1991]. The appropriate foraging devices usually are successful in reducing undesirable behavior and increasing species-typical activity [Anderson & Chamove, 1984;McGrew et al, 1986] but can decrease social interactions and gross motor movement [Molzen & French, 1989;Hayes, 1990]. From a veterinary-care standpoint, items placed in the cage must be sterilizable, nontoxic, and innocuous, even if eaten.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%