An Arctic and Subarctic ostracode database: biogeographic and paleoceanographic applications

Abstract

A new Arctic Ostracode Database-2015 (AOD-2015 provides census data for 96 species of benthic marine Ostracoda from 1340 modern surface sediments from the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas. Ostracoda is a meiofaunal, Crustacea group that secretes a bivalved calcareous (CaCO 3 ) shell commonly preserved in sediments. Arctic and subarctic ostracode species have ecological limits controlled by temperature, salinity, oxygen, sea ice, food, and other habitat-related factors. Unique species ecology, shell chemistry (Mg/Ca ratios, stable isotopes), and limited stratigraphic ranges make them a useful tool for paleoceanographic reconstructions and biostratigraphy. The database, described here, will facilitate the investigation of modern ostracode biogeography, regional community structure, and ecology. These data, when compared to downcore faunal data from sediment cores, will provide a better understanding of how the Arctic has been affected by climatic and oceanographic change during the Quaternary. Images of all species and biogeographic distribution maps for selected species are presented, with brief discussion of representative species' biogeographic and ecological significance. Publication of AOD-2015 is opensourced and will be available online at several public Guest editors: Alison J. Smith, Emi Ito, B. Brandon Curry & Patrick De Deckker / Multidisciplinary aspects of aquatic science: the legacy of Rick Forester Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (websites with latitude, longitude, water depth, and bottom water temperature for most samples. It includes material from Arctic abyssal plains and submarine ridges, continental slopes, and shelves of the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, Beaufort Seas, and several subarctic regions.

Cold-seep ostracods from the western Svalbard margin: direct palaeo-indicator for methane seepage?

“…In addition, although deep-sea ostracods from normal soft sediments are well studied in the North Atlantic, Nordic seas, and Arctic Ocean (i.e. adjacent regions to the study sites) (Whatley and Coles, 1987;Whatley et al, , 1998Didié and Bauch, 2000;Yasuhara et al, 2009Yasuhara et al, , 2014aAlvarez Zarikian, 2009;Okahashi, 2014, 2015;Gemery et al, 2017), any similar species or genus to Rosaliella svalbardensis has not been reported. Van Harten (1993) suggested that pore clusters in Xylocythere is related to ectosymbiosis of chemoautotrophic bacteria (also see Maddocks, 2005).…”

Deglacial sea level history of the East Siberian Sea and Chukchi Sea margins

“…The primary sources of ostracode taxonomy and ecology were Stepanova (2006), Yasuhara et al (2014), and Gemery et al (2015) and the references therein. The study by Gemery et al (2015) gives the modern depth range and ecological data for 1340 modern surface samples from the Arctic and subarctic seas.…”

“…The study by Gemery et al (2015) gives the modern depth range and ecological data for 1340 modern surface samples from the Arctic and subarctic seas. Simple statistical analyses were used to obtain the most reasonable paleodepth estimates from fossil biofacies on the basis of modern ecology and the modern depth ranges of key species.…”

“…The age of the key transition between 413 and 400 cm of core depth is estimated to be about 11 ka (Jakobsson et al, 2017). Sedimentation above this transition increased at this www.clim-past.net/13/1097/2017/ Gemery et al, 2015). Only modern AOD samples with > 50 total ostracode specimens were used.…”

“…The ostracodes Heterocyprideis sorbyana, Rabilimis sp., and Sarsicytheridea punctillata all tolerate reduced salinity near river mouths and estuaries. On the basis of modern species distributions (Gemery et al, 2015), the mean depth range for H. sorbyana is 14 m (n = 90; Fig. 6).…”