An archaeometric study of the bulk and surface weathering characteristics of Early Medieval (5th–7th century) glass from the Po valley, northern Italy

Salviulo, Gabriella; Silvestri, Alberta; Molin, Gianmario; Bertoncello, Renzo

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.08.010

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…22 It should be mentioned that different corrosion process are induced by different chemical reaction due to the weathering conditions such as bio-deterioration that is also formed in the presence of microorganisms in the environment. 15,21,23 The high potash content of some of the glass can be explained as follows: In ancient times, the grinding technology of raw materials was not perfect enough to make all the crushed materials in a same size. It results in inhomogeneity in glass structure with formation of undissolved salts in the matrix.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Body With Icp-oes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iridescence in Ancient Glass: A Morphological and Chemical Investigation

Emami

Nekouei

Ahmadi

et al. 2016

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Visible damage on the surface of historic glass, iridescence, is developed by the influence of environmental factors during time. Iridescence is usually considered as an age indicator in historic glass. Samples from the ancient Sasanian historic site called "Tomb-e Pargan" in the Boushehr Province of Iran were subjected to microscopic analyzing with ESEM, ICP-OES, and polarization microscopy to characterize structural damages and its impact on the surface deposition. Chemical-mineralogical studies were also performed. The current investigation suggests that the iridescent layer is developed as the result of alkali ion depletion on the glass surface following the formation of a shelly layer. Due to the porosity of ancient glass surface, ions migrate and deposit continuously on the surface in the form of crust. The phenomenon causes fine lamellar structure on the surface. Samples from Tomb-e Pargan characteristically contain potassium and magnesium.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Body With Icp-oes Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies ignored the archeological glass chemical composition and the ion exchange in the burial conditions. [13][14][15] Iridescence Fig. 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iridescence in Ancient Glass: A Morphological and Chemical Investigation

Emami

Nekouei

Ahmadi

et al. 2016

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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“…These elements were probably almost entirely introduced to the glass batch by the natron flux. The concentration of Cl and S in the final glass is, however, limited by their solubility in soda-lime-silica melts (Bateson and Turner, 1939;Gerth et al, 1998;Köpsel, 2001;Shugar and Rehren, 2002;Salviulo et al, 2004). The concentration of most other commonly measured trace elements in both modern and ancient evaporites from the Wadi Natrun is found to be very low (Currie, 2008;Wedepohl et al, 2011b;Shortland, unpublished data).…”

Section: Natronmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass Making in the Greco-Roman World: Results of the ARCHGLASS project

Degryse¹

2014

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“…The medieval Si-K-Ca glasses generally present high degradation states and thick altered layers. [30][31][32] Their alteration layers are often very heterogeneous (in composition and structure 31,33,34 ) and fractured due to the wetting/drying cycles conditions. 33,35,36 The crack network includes cracks parallel to the surface that are generally filled with secondary phases (sulfates or carbonates) and unfilled perpendicular ones, so that water circulation can still occur within the altered layer up to the pristine glass interface.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term weathering rate of stained-glass windows using H and O isotopes

et al. 2018

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The understanding of glass alteration is a biogeochemical, industrial, societal (radioactive waste confinement), and cultural heritage issue. Studies have been mainly performed in aqueous conditions. However, glass reactivity under hydraulically unsaturated conditions may be more important than previously recognized. In this context, we evaluate here the role of the alteration layer formed on medieval stained-glass windows on the ongoing alteration in unsaturated conditions. H 2 O adsorption isotherms were measured to study the relation between the vapor sorption and the relative humidity inside the alteration layer. From it, the average pore radius was calculated, yielding a water vapor diffusion coefficient of 7.8 × 10 -7 m² s -1 inside the pore network. Experiments using doped water vapor (D 2 18 O) confirm the vapor transport up to the alteration front via fractures and pore network. They also demonstrate that the alteration mainly progresses via an interdiffusion mechanism. The calculated interdiffusion coefficients at 20°C are 3.6 × 10 -20 m 2 s -1 at 70% RH and 4.9 × 10 -20 m 2 s -1 at 90% RH, which is similar to the values measured on model stained-glass samples altered in short durations (1-4 years). Therefore, this study highlights that, given its morphology, the alteration layer is not protective against vapor transport and interdiffusion.

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An archaeometric study of the bulk and surface weathering characteristics of Early Medieval (5th–7th century) glass from the Po valley, northern Italy

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Iridescence in Ancient Glass: A Morphological and Chemical Investigation

Iridescence in Ancient Glass: A Morphological and Chemical Investigation

Glass Making in the Greco-Roman World: Results of the ARCHGLASS project

Long-term weathering rate of stained-glass windows using H and O isotopes

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