An arbitrary-spectrum spatial visual stimulator for vision research

Franke, Katrin; Chagas, André Maia; Zhao, Zhijian; Zimmermann, Maxime; Bartel, Philipp; Qiu, Yongrong; Szatko, Klaudia P.; Baden, Tom; Euler, Thomas

doi:10.7554/elife.48779

Cited by 63 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In parallel, it is important to consider the specific absorption spectrum of the zebrafish UV-opsin relative to the spectrum of any illuminating light. For safety reasons, commercially available TFT monitors (Franke et al, 2019), projectors and organic-LED (OLED) screens used in behavioural experiments tend to restrict short wavelengths to <1% signal power below 420 nm. In contrast, zebrafish UV-opsin absorption peaks at 365 nm (Chinen et al, 2003;Robinson et al, 1993), meaning that the shortwavelength signal of most of these light sources will activate the UV-opsin with <1% efficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor tuning for prey capture in larval zebrafish

Yoshimatsu

Schröder

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Correspondence to t. yoshimatsu@sussex.ac.uk and t.baden@sussex.ac.uk In the eye, the function of same-type photoreceptors must be regionally adjusted to process a highly asymmetrical natural visual world. Here we show that UV-cones in the larval zebrafish area temporalis are specifically tuned for UV-bright prey capture in their upper frontal visual field, which uses the signal from a single cone at a time. For this, UV-detection efficiency is regionally boosted 42-fold. Next, in vivo 2-photon imaging, transcriptomics and computational modelling reveal that these cones use an elevated baseline of synaptic calcium to facilitate the encoding of bright objects, which in turn results from expressional tuning of phototransduction genes. Finally, this signal is further accentuated at the level of glutamate release driving retinal networks. These regional differences tally with variations between peripheral and foveal cones in primates and hint at a common mechanistic origin. Together, our results highlight a rich mechanistic toolkit for the tuning of neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor tuning for prey capture in larval zebrafish

Yoshimatsu

Schröder

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…To address these major gaps in knowledge, we systematically imaged light-driven signals from RGCs directly in the in vivo eye. By 'bending' the imaging scan-plane to follow the natural curvature of the live eye (Janiak et al, 2019), and synchronising the stimulation light with the scanner retrace (Baden et al, 2013;Euler et al, 2019;Franke et al, 2019;Zimmermann et al, 2018), we chart the in vivo functional diversity of larval zebrafish RGCs in time and wavelength across visual space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What the Zebrafish’s Eye Tells the Zebrafish’s Brain: Retinal Ganglion Cells for Prey Capture and Colour Vision

Zhou

Bear

Roberts

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In vertebrate vision, the tetrachromatic larval zebrafish permits non-invasive monitoring and manipulating of neural activity across the nervous system in vivo during ongoing behaviour. However, despite a perhaps unparalleled understanding of links between zebrafish brain circuits and visual behaviours, comparatively little is known about what their eyes send to the brain in the first place via retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Major gaps in knowledge include any information on spectral coding, and information on potentially critical variations in RGC properties across the retinal surface to acknowledge asymmetries in the statistics of natural visual space and behavioural demands.Here, we use in vivo two photon (2P) imaging during hyperspectral visual stimulation as well as photolabeling of RGCs to provide the first eye-wide functional and anatomical census of RGCs in larval zebrafish.We find that RGCs' functional and structural properties differ across the eye and include a notable population of UV-responsive On-sustained RGCs that are only found in the acute zone, likely to support visual prey capture of UV-bright zooplankton. Next, approximately half of RGCs display diverse forms of colour opponency -long in excess of what would be required to satisfy traditional models of colour vision. However, most information on spectral contrast was intermixed with temporal information. To consolidate this series of unexpected findings, we propose that zebrafish may use a novel "dual-achromatic" strategy segregated by a spectrally intermediate background subtraction system. Specifically, our data is consistent with a model where traditional achromatic image-forming vision is mainly driven by longwavelength sensitive circuits, while in parallel UV-sensitive circuits serve a second achromatic system of foreground-vision that serves prey capture and, potentially, predator evasion.

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“…Technology) was focused through the objective lens of the microscope 22,30 . Instead of standard RGB light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it was fitted with a green (576 nm) and a UV (390 nm) LED for matching the spectral sensitivity of mouse M-and S-opsins 31,32 .…”

Section: Light Stimulation a Modified Lightcrafter (Dlplcr4500 Texamentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal structure of the inner retina at a single glance

Zhao

Klindt

Chagas

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The retina decomposes visual stimuli into parallel channels that encode different features of the visual environment. Central to this computation is the synaptic processing in a dense layer of neuropil, the so-called inner plexiform layer (IPL). Here, different types of bipolar cells stratifying at distinct depths relay the excitatory feedforward drive from photoreceptors to amacrine and ganglion cells. Current experimental techniques for studying processing in the IPL do not allow imaging the entire IPL simultaneously in the intact tissue. Here, we extend a two-photon microscope with an electrically tunable lens allowing us to obtain optical vertical slices of the IPL, which provide a complete picture of the response diversity of bipolar cells at a "single glance". The nature of these axial recordings additionally allowed us to isolate and investigate batch effects, i.e. inter-experimental variations resulting in systematic differences in response speed. As a proof of principle, we developed a simple model that disentangles biological from experimental causes of variability and allowed us to recover the characteristic gradient of response speeds across the IPL with higher precision than before. Our new framework will make it possible to study the computations performed in the central synaptic layer of the retina more efficiently. The primary excitatory pathway of the mouse retina consists of photoreceptors, bipolar cells (BCs) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) (reviewed in refs. 1,2). At the core of this pathway is the inner plexiform layer (IPL), a dense synaptic plexus composed of the axon terminals of BCs, the neurites of amacrine cells, as well as the dendrites of RGCs. Specifically, the photoreceptor signal is relayed by the BCs to the RGCs via glutamatergic synapses (reviewed in ref. 3). This "vertical" transmission is shaped by mostly inhibitory interactions with amacrine cells, which integrate signals laterally along and/or vertically across the IPL (reviewed in ref. 4). Amacrine cells modulate, for instance, the sensitivity of BCs to certain spatio-temporal features 5-7. Within the IPL, the axon terminals of each of the 14 BC types 8-12 project to a distinct depth with axonal profiles of different BC types partially overlapping and jointly covering the whole depth of the IPL 10,11,13. Functionally, each BC type constitutes a particular feature channel, with certain temporal dynamics 7 , including On and Off BC types sensitive to light increments or decrements, respectively 14 , different kinetics 15,16 , and chromatic signals 17,18. Some of these features are systematically mapped across the IPL: For example, On BCs project to the inner and Off BCs to the outer portion of the IPL 14,19. Also kinetic response properties appear to be mapped, with the axonal profiles of more transient BCs localised in the IPL centre 7,15,20,21. To study BC function, early studies mostly used single-cell electrical recordings in vertical slices, where many lateral connections (e.g. large-scale amacrine cells) are severed, o...

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An arbitrary-spectrum spatial visual stimulator for vision research

Cited by 63 publications

References 68 publications

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor tuning for prey capture in larval zebrafish

Cellular and molecular mechanisms of photoreceptor tuning for prey capture in larval zebrafish

What the Zebrafish’s Eye Tells the Zebrafish’s Brain: Retinal Ganglion Cells for Prey Capture and Colour Vision

The temporal structure of the inner retina at a single glance

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