“…the Carreau-A and the Bingham models, respectively. The latter model is, in fact, transformed into a biviscous material with an extremely high initial viscosity because of the numerical impossibility to prescribe infinite viscosities; this is a classic _ technique employed, for example, by O ' Donovan and Tanner (41] and Keentok et al [28]. The one-dimensional viscosity equations for the Oarreau-A and Bingham materials are, respectively, and µ., = µ., o [ l + (Ay) 2 ] <n-1)12 50) (51) where µ.,, y, and T are the absolute viscosity, shear rate, and shear stress, respectively; µ., 0 , A, and n are zero-shear-rate viscosity, a time constant, and the dimensionless power-law index for the Carreau-A model; and µ., P and T 0 are the plastic viscosity and the plastic yield stress for the Bingham model.…”