An aquifer thermal storage system in a Belgian hospital: Long-term experimental evaluation of energy and cost savings

Vanhoudt, Dirk; Desmedt, Johan; Bael, Johan Van; Robeyn, Nico; Hoes, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.040

Cited by 143 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These effects are linked to the modification of viscosity with temperature which modifies the mobility of charge carriers. By extension, the temperature changes observed on operating GWHP/ATES systems [4] are typically in the range of temperature changes that could be detected by ERT (~2 °C and more, see [55]). …”

Section: Time-lapse Ertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When heated or cooled water is infiltrated directly in the aquifer, one can take advantage of this energy storage as long as hydrogeological requirements are met (a weak hydraulic gradient for example). In this specific case, we rather speak of (seasonal) aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They allow large primary energy savings (e.g., [3,4]), strong reductions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases emissions ( [2,5] and references therein), and the use of energy stored in the subsurface (soil or groundwater). With regards to air-source heat pumps, geothermal heat pumps have the advantage of the ground temperature, which is far more constant than air temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Hermans

Nguyen

Robert³

et al. 2014

Energies

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Low enthalpy geothermal systems exploited with ground source heat pumps or groundwater heat pumps present many advantages within the context of sustainable energy use. Designing, monitoring and controlling such systems requires the measurement of spatially distributed temperature fields and the knowledge of the parameters governing groundwater flow (permeability and specific storage) and heat transport (thermal conductivity and volumetric thermal capacity). Such data are often scarce or not available. In recent years, the ability of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), self-potential method (SP) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) to monitor spatially and temporally temperature changes in the subsurface has been investigated. We review the recent advances in using these three methods for this type of shallow applications. A special focus is made regarding the petrophysical relationships and on underlying assumptions generally needed for a quantitative interpretation of these geophysical data. We show that those geophysical methods are mature to be used within the context of temperature monitoring and that a combination of them may be the best choice regarding control and validation issues. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 5084

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Section: Time-lapse Ertmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Hermans

Nguyen

Robert³

et al. 2014

Energies

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“…They considered capital and operational costs, and calculated the costs of the recovered energy for di erent scenarios. Vanhoudt et al [17] monitored the performance of an aquifer thermal energy storage system in combination with a heat pump for heating, cooling, and the ventilation of air in a Belgian hospital for a period of three years. Furthermore, they conducted an economic analysis and showed an annual cost reduction of 54000 ¿, when compared with the basic case with the payback time of 3.9 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Evaluations of Different Operation Alternatives of an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in Tehran, Iran

2017

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Abstract. Aquifers are underground porous formations containing water. Con ned aquifers are surrounded by impermeable layers on top and bottom, called cap rocks and bed rocks. A con ned aquifer with a very low groundwater ow velocity was considered to meet the annual cooling and heating energy requirements of a residential building complex in Tehran, Iran. Three di erent alternatives of Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (ATES) were employed to meet the heating/cooling demands of the buildings. These alternatives were using ATES for: cooling alone, heating alone by coupling with at-plate solar collectors, and cooling and heating by coupling with a heat pump. For the economic evaluation of the alternatives, a life cycle cost analysis was employed. For the environmental evaluation, Ret Screen software was employed. For the considered 3 operational alternatives, using ATES for cooling alone had the minimum payback period time of 2.41 years and the life cycle cost of 16000 $. In the environmental perspective, among the 3 alternatives, coupling of ATES with heat pump for cooling and heating had the minimum CO 2 generation, corresponding to 359 tons/year.

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“…Their results showed that using a larger collector area and greater storage volume increased the COP of heat pumps, especially after the fifth year of operation. Vanhoudt et al (2011) monitored the operation of aquifer thermal energy storage with a heat pump for heating and cooling a hospital in Belgium over a period of three years. Their results showed a 71% reduction in primary energy usage compared to conventional gas-fired boilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature heat emission combined with seasonal thermal storage and heat pump

2015

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We studied the application of a stratified seasonal hot water storage tank with a heat pump connected to medium-, low-and very-low-temperature space heat emissions for a single-family house in Stockholm, Sweden. Our aim was to investigate the influence of heat emission design temperature on the efficiency and design parameters of seasonal storage in terms of collector area, the ratio of storage volume to collector area (RVA), and the ratio of height to diameter of storage tank. For this purpose, we developed a mathematical model in MATLAB to predict hourly heat demand in the building, heat loss from the storage tank, solar collector heat production, and heat support by heat pump as a backup system when needed. In total, 108 cases were simulated with RVAs that ranged ), and various heat emissions with design supply/return temperatures of 35/30 as very-low-, 45/35 as low-, and 55/45 (°C) as medium-temperature heat emission. In order to find the best combination based on heat emission, we considered the efficiency of the system in terms of the heat pump work considering coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump and solar fraction. Our results showed that, for all types of heat emission a storage-volume-to-collector area ratio of 5 m 3 m À2 , with a collector area of 50 m 2 , and a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.0 m m À1 were needed in order to provide the maximum efficiency. Results indicated that for very-low-temperature heat emission the heat pump work was less than half of that of the medium-temperature heat emission. This was due to 7% higher solar fraction and 14% higher COP of heat pump connected to very-low-temperature heat emission compared to medium-temperature heat emission.

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An aquifer thermal storage system in a Belgian hospital: Long-term experimental evaluation of energy and cost savings

Cited by 143 publications

References 8 publications

Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Geophysical Methods for Monitoring Temperature Changes in Shallow Low Enthalpy Geothermal Systems

Economic and Environmental Evaluations of Different Operation Alternatives of an Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage in Tehran, Iran

Low-temperature heat emission combined with seasonal thermal storage and heat pump

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