An aqueous media based approach for the preparation of a biosensor platform composed of graphene oxide and Pt-black

Abstract

The combination of Pt nanoparticles and graphene was more effective in enhancing biosensing than either nanomaterial alone according to previous reports. Based on the structural similarities between water soluble graphene oxide (GrOx) and graphene, we report the fabrication of an aqueous media based GrOx/Pt-black nanocomposite for biosensing enhancement. In this approach GrOx acted as a nanoscale molecular template for the electrodeposition of Pt-black, an amorphously nanopatterned isoform of platinum metal. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed that Pt-black was growing along GrOx. The effective surface area and electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation of GrOx/Pt-black microelectrodes were significantly higher than for Pt-black microelectrodes. When used to prepare a bio-nanocomposite based on protein functionalization with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), the GrOx/Pt-black microbiosensors exhibited improved sensitivity over the Pt-black microbiosensors. This suggested that the GrOx/Pt-black nanocomposite facilitated an increase in electron transfer, and/or minimized mass transport limitations as compared to Pt-black used alone. Glucose microbiosensors based on GrOx/Pt-black exhibited high sensitivity (465.9±48.0 nA/mM), a low detection limit of 1 μM, a linear response range of 1 μM – 2 mM, and response time of ~4 s. Additionally the sensor was stable and highly selective over potential interferents.

Simple one-pot preparation of chitosan-reduced graphene oxide-Au nanoparticles hybrids for glucose sensing

“…The rapid development of graphene based field-effect transistors [5], nanoelectronic devices [6], electrochemical sensors and biosensors [7][8][9], as well as nanocomposites [10] has gained much attention. However, the way for producing single sheet of graphene is limited to a complex process, that is strenuous operation of mechanically peeling graphite layers and electrode adsorption with electron beam lithography [11].…”

A facile one-step electrochemical synthesis of graphene/NiO nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalyst for glucose and methanol

“…A pressing example to demonstrate this is graphene-based nanomaterial, which has gained even more interest due to its fascinating properties, including huge specific surface area, superior mechanical properties, large thermal conductivity, remarkable electronic conductivity, etc. One exciting research field is that where graphene is been used as a promising two-dimensional (2D) support to load polymers or nanoparticles for applications in electrochemical devices, such as supercapacitors [1][2], rechargeable lithium-ion batteries [3], catalyst [4][5] and electrochemical sensors [6][7][8]. The resultant nanocomposites made from graphene (or its derivatives) and functional nanomaterials are expected to present the beneficial properties of each component, producing a material with improved performance via possible synergistic interaction.…”

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“…A similar sensor concept was adopted by Shi et al 34 Instead of palladium/platinum-black, a Pt nanomaterial was used along with GO. GO was drop cast on a Pt/Ir microelectrode, and Pt-black was electrochemically deposited.…”