An approximate integral model for the burning rate of a thermoplastic‐like material

Quintiere, James G.; Iqbal, Naeem

doi:10.1002/fam.810180205

Cited by 52 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A one-dimensional pyrolysis model which includes the processes of charring, vaporisation, flame and heat conduction effects was proposed. This model was further developed by Quintiere & Iqbal [19] to solve the one-dimensional unsteady heat transfer equations during the pre-heating and gasification periods using an integral method. Anderson [20] studied the integral solution to the model and compared the integral solution with the exact solution.…”

Section: Ignition and Burning Rate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the piloted ignition of wood in the cone calorimeter using an integral model — effect of species, grain orientation and heat flux

Spearpoint

Quintiere

2001

Fire Safety Journal

202

113

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The integral model predictions and experimental data compare well at incident heat fluxes above around 20 kW/m 2 . At lower heat fluxes it was found that the ignition mechanism of wood is different from that at higher incident fluxes. This difference is believed to be due to char oxidation that precedes flaming ignition.The lowest radiant heat flux to cause ignition was found to be approximately 10 kW/m 2 depending on species, grain orientation or moisture content. Ignition at low heat fluxes could take up to 1½ hours.2 NOMENCLATURE α thermal diffusivity, [m 2 /s], absorptivity [-]

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Section: Ignition and Burning Rate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the piloted ignition of wood in the cone calorimeter using an integral model — effect of species, grain orientation and heat flux

Spearpoint

Quintiere

2001

Fire Safety Journal

202

113

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“…This notion is also used in e.g. [10][11][12][13]. The calculation then consists of solving a conduction problem, with an incoming heat flux and a moving boundary as the pyrolysis takes place.…”

Section: Discussion: Relation With Existing Pyrolysis Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For non-charring materials, it is common practice to work with a 'heat of gasification' at the pyrolysing surface and to consider a conduction problem in the solid materials (e.g. [2,[10][11][12][13][14]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An enthalpy-based pyrolysis model for charring and non-charring materials in case of fire

Wasan

Rauwoens

Vierendeels

et al. 2010

Combustion and Flame

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In a simulation of a developing fire, flame spread must be properly accounted for. The pyrolysis model is important in this respect. To that purpose, we develop a simplified enthalpy based pyrolysis model that is extendable to multi-dimensional solid-phase treatments. This model is to be coupled to gas phase turbulent combustion simulations. The description of the pyrolysis process is simplified in order to acquire short simulation times. In this paper, first, the basic thermodynamic description of pyrolysis phenomena is revisited for charring and non-charring materials, possibly containing moisture. The heat of pyrolysis is defined and its relation to the formation enthalpies of individual constituents is explained.Solving only one equation for enthalpy on a fixed computational mesh, provides a useful description of the transport of heat and the pyrolysis process inside the solid material. Models for e.g. char oxidation or complex transport of the pyrolysis gases or water vapour inside the solid material can be coupled to the present model. Next, numerical issues and implementation are discussed. We consider basic test cases with imposed external heat flux to a solid material that can be dry or contain moisture. We illustrate that continuous pyrolysis gases mass flow rates are obtained when a piecewise linear representation of the temperature field is adopted on the fixed computational mesh. With constant temperature per computational cell, discontinuities, with sudden drops to zero, are encountered, as reported in the literature. We show that the present model formulation is robust with respect to numerical aspects (cell size and time step) and that the model performs well for variable external heat fluxes. For charring and non-charring materials, we validate the model results by means of numerical reference test cases and experimental data. By means of a numerical test case, we show that the model, when coupled to CFD calculations, is able to simulate flame spread.

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“…Secondly, it must be geometrically flexible, so that it is capable of modelling a wide variety of flame spread scenarios. Thirdly, the fundamental material properties required for the model must be experimentally derivable [5].…”

Section: Model Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cellular Automata Approach To Cfd Flame Spread Modelling

Fernando¹

2000

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the 6th International Symp

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This paper focuses on the growth and spread stage of full-scale fires in enclosures, where a localised flame spreads across a single fuel item, increasing the heat release rate, thereby resulting in increased fire hazard. The development of a numerical model for fire spread over a solid fuel surface, and its integration into a CFD model, is described. The conflicting demands of resolving the small scale flame front phenomena while simultaneously accounting for the large-scale enclosure flow phenomena are addressed. The surface of the fuel is descretised with a regular square array, and flame spread occurs as a series of ignitions of surface elements. Ignition of an element is determined by a combination of critical surface ignition temperature and cellular automata techniques. Regression of the combusting fuel surface is modelled, with a fine grid retained at the fuel surface by allowing the grid to "collapse" with the surface. A grid transformation is applied to restore orthogonality of the collapsed grid, for simple computation of the heat equation. The flame spread model has been designed to be independent of geometry, although experimental validation exercises are carried out for radial spread over horizontal surfaces only. Predictions are made for the burning of a slab of polyurethane foam in a full-scale multi-room experimental building-fire facility. The predictions compare favourably with the experiments, indicating the broad validity of the methods used in flame spread model.

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An approximate integral model for the burning rate of a thermoplastic‐like material

Cited by 52 publications

References 7 publications

Predicting the piloted ignition of wood in the cone calorimeter using an integral model — effect of species, grain orientation and heat flux

Predicting the piloted ignition of wood in the cone calorimeter using an integral model — effect of species, grain orientation and heat flux

An enthalpy-based pyrolysis model for charring and non-charring materials in case of fire

A Cellular Automata Approach To Cfd Flame Spread Modelling

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