An appropriate diagnostic workup for suspected vascular birthmarks.

Abstract

Birthmarks are common and commonly ignored by patients and primary care doctors. Yet they sometimes represent significant vascular anomalies that require diagnosis and treatment. We summarize when and how to work up a variety of vascular anomalies. s KEY POINTS Knowing the vascular anomalies underlying birthmarks helps avoid missed or incorrect diagnosis or an extensive, unnecessary workup. The history and physical examination provide enough information to make the diagnosis, but imaging is needed to evaluate the extent of deep tissue involvement and to help plan treatment. Some arteriovenous malformations can progress rapidly, so the diagnostic workup should be completed as soon as possible.

Clinical features of infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma

“…Hematopoietic activity is a specific characteristic of these tumors. Thrombosis with infarction, followed by fibrosis and even calcification, can occur in the centers of large tumors8,20).…”

Analysis of the treatment of congenital vascular malformations using a multidisciplinary approach

“…A simplified diagnostic algorithm adapted from other published models serves as a tool to evaluate patients and formulate therapeutic goals. 6,7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] This schema differentiates first between vascular tumors and malformations, both under the umbrella diagnosis of vascular anomalies. 9 Vascular malformations are further subdivided into high-flow and low-flow lesions.…”

Relational Databases for Rare Disease Study

“…This input was obtained through direct interview and medical literature review. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] The relational database design process was focused on interdisciplinary identification of essential information specific to all vascular anomalies. This information was grouped in tables that have "one-to-many" and "many-to-many" relationships ( Figure 1).…”