“…Analytical techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass sp Q3 ectrometry a Q4 nd ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) are now generally applied in metabonomic studies (Dunn et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2012aZhao et al, , 2012bZhao et al, , 2012c. Among the analytical techniques in metabonomic research, UHPLC-MS is recognized as one of the best analytical techniques in selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility (Theodoridis et al, 2008;Zhao et al, 2012aZhao et al, , 2012bZhao et al, , 2012cWong et al, 2008).…”