An Approach to Urban Dynamics

Orishimo, Isao

doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1987.tb00125.x

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Applications include economics (Goodwin 1951 , 1967 ), nature conservation in protected areas (Friedl and Behrens 2007 ), the fall of the Easter Islands (Brander and Taylor 1998 ), copyright piracy in the music industry (Vaquez and Watt 2011 ) and urban development (e.g. Orishimo 1987 ; Camagni 1992 ; Capello and Faggian 2002 ; Bednar-Friedl et al 2016 ). In the latter context, predator–prey systems have been used to describe the dynamic interaction of residential growth and urban rents (Capello and Faggian 2002 ), between urban population and per-capita income (Dendrinos and Mullaly 1983 ), between population and a proxy for the intensity of land use (Orishimo 1987 ) or between the number of residents and air pollution (Bednar-Friedl et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Modelling Premature Deaths Due To Air Pollution (High Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orishimo 1987 ; Camagni 1992 ; Capello and Faggian 2002 ; Bednar-Friedl et al 2016 ). In the latter context, predator–prey systems have been used to describe the dynamic interaction of residential growth and urban rents (Capello and Faggian 2002 ), between urban population and per-capita income (Dendrinos and Mullaly 1983 ), between population and a proxy for the intensity of land use (Orishimo 1987 ) or between the number of residents and air pollution (Bednar-Friedl et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Modelling Premature Deaths Due To Air Pollution (High Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Why local air pollution is more than daily peaks: modelling policies in a city in order to avoid premature deaths

Behrens

Koland

Leopold‐Wildburger

2018

Cent Eur J Oper Res

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We use a predator–prey representation of an urban system to analyse how policy interventions can prevent the adverse effects of air pollution on people’s health. The number of residents is treated as prey variable, and particulate matter that consists of particles with a diameter of up to 10 micrometres (PM10) as predator variable. This representation allows integration of population trends and the effects of environmental interventions on the average level of PM10 concentration (which establishes a baseline for the potential health burden for residents). For the case of Graz, Austria, we illustrate the insights generated regarding the interdependency of market-based and technological pollution controls, and propose an indicator that assesses the cost of delayed interventions by counting additional premature deaths caused by polluted environments.

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Section: Modelling Premature Deaths Due To Air Pollution (High Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelling Premature Deaths Due To Air Pollution (High Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why local air pollution is more than daily peaks: modelling policies in a city in order to avoid premature deaths

Behrens

Koland

Leopold‐Wildburger

2018

Cent Eur J Oper Res

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“…Forrester (1969) was an early pioneer of applying systems dynamics to cities, studying their stocks and flows. His use of differential equations and stock/flow modeling has been extended to cycles of urbanization and suburbanization (Orishimo 1987) and to the dynamics of parking (Cao and Menendez 2015). Such dynamic measures are less useful for the characterization and analysis of urban form.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods and Measures for Analyzing Complex Street Networks and Urban Form

Boeing

2017

SSRN Journal

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Recent years have witnessed an explosion in the science of networks. Much of this research has been stimulated by advances in statistical physics and the study of complex systems-that is, systems that comprise many interrelated components whose interactions produce unpredictable large-scale emergent behavior. Cities are complex systems formed both through decentralized, bottom-up, self-organizing processes as well as through top-down planning interventions. Humans shape their urban ecosystems (the built environment, institutions, cultures, etc.) and are in turn shaped by them. Cities comprise numerous interdependent components that interact through networks-social, virtual, and physical-such as street networks. This dissertation examines urban street networks, their structural complexity (emphasizing density, connectedness, and resilience), and how planning eras and design paradigms shape them. Interventions into a complex system often have unpredictable outcomes, even if the intervention is minor, as effects compound or dampen nonlinearly over time. Such systems' capacity for novelty, through emergent features that arise from their components' interactions, also makes them unpredictable. These interactions and the structure of connections within a system are the subject of network science. In cities, the structural characteristics of circulation networks influence how a city's physical links organize its human dynamics. Urban morphologists have long studied the built form's complexity and, following from scholars such as Jane Jacobs and Christopher Alexander, various urban design paradigms today speak both directly and indirectly to the value of complexity in the built environment. However, these claims are often made loosely, without formally connecting with theory, implications, or evaluation frameworks. 2 This dissertation develops an interdisciplinary typology of measures for assessing the complexity of urban form and design, particularly emphasizing street network analytic measures. Street network analysis has held a prominent place in network science ever since Leonhard Euler presented his famous Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem in 1736. The past 15 years have been no exception as the growth of interdisciplinary network science has included numerous applications to cities and their street networks. These studies have yielded new understandings of urban form and design, transportation flows and access, and the topology and resilience of urban street networks. However, current limitations of data availability, consistency, and technology have resulted in four substantial shortcomings: small sample sizes, excessive network simplification, difficult reproducibility, and the lack of consistent, easy-to-use research tools. While these shortcomings are by no means fatal, their presence can limit the scalability, generalizability, and interpretability of empirical street network research. To address these challenges, this dissertation presents OSMnx, a new tool to download and analyze street networks and other ...

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“…More recently, Wilson and Dearden (forthcoming) have used the BLV framework to model the impacts of railways on urban systems' development in the United States between 1790 and 1870. Earlier approaches also essentially use Lotka–Volterra dynamics but without the spatial interaction submodels; see, for example, Dendrinos and Mullally (1981), Orishimo (1987), and Cappello and Faggian (2002).…”

Section: Entropy Maximizing In Geography and Complexity Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling: Retrospect and Prospect. 城市和区域建模中的熵：回顾与展望

Wilson¹

2010

Geographical Analysis

134

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Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling introduced a new framework for constructing spatial interaction and associated location models. These ideas are reviewed briefly and then set in the wider context of the application of entropy in a range of disciplines. Related developments since 1970 are examined with particular reference to extensions of the core model, links to mathematical programming, the relationship to economics, and the introduction of a dynamic spatial structure hypothesis. The role of entropy maximizing in geography, and more widely in complexity science, is reviewed and two conclusions are drawn beyond the continued effective deployment of entropy models: geography could be a leading player as complexity science develops; and geography can use these ideas to update the presentation of its classic theories. The ongoing research agenda is extensive-particularly in relation to the modeling of imperfect markets in economics-in its links with network science and agent-based modeling. Recent developments in physics suggest a new role for entropy in understanding spatial structure. This article is organized into five main sections. The first summarizes the ideas of the book; the second sets this discussion in a wider context; the third surveys the developments that have taken place since its publication. The fourth summarizes the role of entropy maximizing in geography in the context of complexity science, and the fifth presents an ongoing research agenda.

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An Approach to Urban Dynamics

Abstract: An Approach to Urban Dynamics

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Why local air pollution is more than daily peaks: modelling policies in a city in order to avoid premature deaths

Why local air pollution is more than daily peaks: modelling policies in a city in order to avoid premature deaths

Methods and Measures for Analyzing Complex Street Networks and Urban Form

Entropy in Urban and Regional Modelling: Retrospect and Prospect. 城市和区域建模中的熵：回顾与展望

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