An approach to studying the neural correlates of reserve

Stern, Yaakov

doi:10.1007/s11682-016-9566-x

Cited by 124 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The circuits supporting sensorimotor functions in older adults may thus be resistant to moderating factors such as years of education. This is in apparent contradiction to the mitigation of age‐related cognitive‐changes and relative maintenance of volumetric brain structure observed with CR proxies in healthy older individuals [Bartrés‐Faz and Arenaza‐Urquijo, ; Stern, ; Stern, ]. Years of education is a frequently employed proxy of CR, and correlates highly with independently derived measures of brain maintenance and CR [Habeck et al, ; Steffener et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross‐sectional and association‐based nature of the study design precludes causal inferences. A formal analysis of the influence of age and the relative preservation of age‐related changes with greater educational attainment would mandate a longitudinal within‐subjects design [Stern, ]. CR itself represents an inherently complex construct [Stern, ], with an individual's innate ability and neuroplastic experiences contributing to the slowing of age‐related changes in similar [Habeck et al, ; Steffener et al, ] and independent forms [Richards and Sacker, ; Suo et al, ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Perry

Wang

Kochan

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Healthy aging is accompanied by a constellation of changes in cognitive processes and alterations in functional brain networks. The relationships between brain networks and cognition during aging in later life are moderated by demographic and environmental factors, such as prior education, in a poorly understood manner. Using multivariate analyses, we identified three latent patterns (or modes) linking resting-state functional connectivity to demographic and cognitive measures in 101 cognitively normal elders. The first mode (P = 0.00043) captures an opposing association between age and core cognitive processes such as attention and processing speed on functional connectivity patterns. The functional subnetwork expressed by this mode links bilateral sensorimotor and visual regions through key areas such as the parietal operculum. A strong, independent association between years of education and functional connectivity loads onto a second mode (P = 0.012), characterized by the involvement of key hub regions. A third mode (P = 0.041) captures weak, residual brain-behavior relations. Our findings suggest that circuits supporting lower level cognitive processes are most sensitive to the influence of age in healthy older adults. Education, and to a lesser extent, executive functions, load independently onto functional networks-suggesting that the moderating effect of education acts upon networks distinct from those vulnerable with aging. This has important implications in understanding the contribution of education to cognitive reserve during healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5094-5114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Perry

Wang

Kochan

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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“…These rsEEG markers are non-invasive, cost-effective, available worldwide, and repeatable even in severe dementia. They may probe the neurophysiological “reserve” in AD patients, as one of the dimensions of the brain reserve [311]. This neurophysiological “reserve” may reflect residual mechanisms for 1) “synchronization” of neural activity in a given cortical region and 2) the coupling of activity between nodes of a given brain neural networks as a sign of functional cortical “connectivity” [310, 312].…”

Section: Contribution and Role Of Electroencephalography (Eeg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology

Hampel

Toschi

Babiloni

et al. 2018

JAD

126

113

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The Precision Neurology development process implements systems theory with system biology and neurophysiology in a parallel, bidirectional research path: a combined hypothesis-driven investigation of systems dysfunction within distinct molecular, cellular and large-scale neural network systems in both animal models as well as through tests for the usefulness of these candidate dynamic systems biomarkers in different diseases and subgroups at different stages of pathophysiological progression. This translational research path is paralleled by an “omics”-based, hypothesis-free, exploratory research pathway, which will collect multimodal data from progressing asymptomatic, preclinical and clinical neurodegenerative disease (ND) populations, within the wide continuous biological and clinical spectrum of ND, applying high-throughput and high-content technologies combined with powerful computational and statistical modeling tools, aimed at identifying novel dysfunctional systems and predictive marker signatures associated with ND. The goals are to identify common biological denominators or differentiating classifiers across the continuum of ND during detectable stages of pathophysiological progression, characterize systems-based intermediate endophenotypes, validate multi-modal novel diagnostic systems biomarkers, and advance clinical intervention trial designs by utilizing systems-based intermediate endophenotypes and candidate surrogate markers. Achieving these goals is key to the ultimate development of early and effective individualized treatment of ND, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI) and cohort program (APMI-CP), as well as the Paris based core of the Sorbonne University Clinical Research Group “Alzheimer Precision Medicine” (GRC-APM) were recently launched to facilitate the passageway from conventional clinical diagnostic and drug development towards breakthrough innovation based on the investigation of the comprehensive biological nature of aging individuals. The APMI movement is gaining momentum to systematically apply both systems neurophysiology and systems biology in exploratory translational neuroscience research on ND.

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“…In other terms, to achieve a same level of performance, the brain exerted greater effort when dehydrated. This may be possible in individuals, such as adolescents and healthy adults, who have enough resources or cognitive reserve (for a review of this concept, see [40,41] ). More vulnerable persons (e.g., children and elderly adults) may have fewer resources or cognitive reserve to manage the effects of dehydration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dehydration on Brain Functioning: A Life-Span Perspective

Pross¹

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

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Background: In the last 10 years, there has been an increase in the publication of literature dealing with the effects of mild dehydration on cognition in healthy adults. Fewer studies, leading to less consistent data, involved other age groups. Summary: In healthy young adults refraining from drinking or participating in dehydration protocols, it was found that mild dehydration had no impact on performance, whereas the mood was widely impaired. Several studies have also been conducted in young children either as observational studies or as interventional studies. Nevertheless, methodological differences in (de)hydration monitoring, in cognitive assessments, and in the age/brain maturation of study participants, often resulted in contradictory findings regarding the cognitive functions impacted by (de)hydration. Although not consistent, these data showed that not only mood but also performance tend to be impaired by dehydration in children. Even if older adults are likely to be more vulnerable to dehydration than younger adults, very few studies have been conducted in this regard in this population. The results show that, like it is in children, cognition tends to be impaired when the elderly are dehydrated. Taken together, these studies suggest that dehydration has greater detrimental effects in vulnerable populations. Recent imaging data suggest that the brain of children and elderly adults may have fewer resources to manage the effects of dehydration. Consequently, cognitive tasks may be more demanding for younger and older brains and performance more likely to be impaired in these populations, in comparison to young healthy subjects who have greater and more efficient resources.

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An approach to studying the neural correlates of reserve

Cited by 124 publications

References 41 publications

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Revolution of Alzheimer Precision Neurology. Passageway of Systems Biology and Neurophysiology

Effects of Dehydration on Brain Functioning: A Life-Span Perspective

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