An Approach to Monitor Food and Nutrition from “Factory to Fork”

Slining, Meghan M.; Yoon, Emily Ford; Davis, Jessica; Hollingsworth, Bridget; Miles, Donna R.; Ng, Shu Wen

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2014.09.002

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Because NHANES does not consistently collect detailed information about brands of products consumed by respondents, it is not possible to determine how changes in purchases for different brand categories across various subpopulations relate to diet and health outcomes. NHANES also does not capture many of the product reformulations ongoing in the CPG sector (48). However, this article shows that storebought foods and beverages are large contributors of calories consumed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013,

Poti

Popkin

2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: It is unclear whether racial/ethnic and income differences in foods and beverages obtained from stores contribute to disparities in caloric intake over time. Objective: We sought to determine whether there are disparities in calories obtained from store-bought consumer packaged goods (CPGs), whether brands (name brands compared with private labels) matter, and if disparities have changed over time. Design: We used NHANES individual dietary intake data among households with children along with the Nielsen Homescan data on CPG purchases among households with children. With NHANES, we compared survey-weighted energy intakes for 2003-2006 and 2009-2012 from store and nonstore sources by race/ethnicity [non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs), and Hispanic Mexican-Americans) and income [#185% federal poverty line (FPL), 186-400% FPL, and .400% FPL]. With the Nielsen data, we compared 2000-2013 trends in calories purchased from CPGs (obtained from stores) across brands by race/ ethnicity (NHW, NHB, and Hispanic) and income. We conducted random-effect models to derive adjusted trends and differences in calories purchased (708,175 observations from 64,709 unique households) and tested whether trends were heterogeneous by race/ethnicity or income. Results: Store-bought foods and beverages represented the largest component of dietary intake, with greater decreases in energy intakes in nonstore sources for foods and in store sources for beverages. Beverages from stores consistently decreased in all subpopulations. However, in adjusted models, reductions in CPG calories purchased in 2009-2012 were slower for NHB and low-income households than for NHW and high-income households, respectively. The decline in calories from name-brand food purchases was slower among NHB, Hispanic, and lowest-income households. NHW and high-income households had the highest absolute calories purchased in 2000. Conclusions: Across 2 large data sources, we found decreases in intake and purchases of beverages from stores across racial/ethnic and income groups. However, potentially beneficial reductions in calories purchased were more pronounced in some subgroups over others.Am J Clin Nutr 2016;104:750-9.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013,

Poti

Popkin

2016

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…39 Although this study uses the most recently released USDA equivalents database to estimate added sugars, the USDA food composition tables are not updated as quickly as new products or product reformulations emerge. 33, 40, 41 Further, this analysis does not have the ability to determine whether some of the decline in added sugars may come from a switch to sweeteners not currently counted as added sugars by the USDA databases, such as fruit juice concentrates. One recent study found that in 2004–2009 over 11% of the foods and beverages in the US packaged food supply contained fruit juice concentrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Added Sugars Intake Across the Distribution of US Children and Adult Consumers: 1977-2012

Powell¹,

Smith-Taillie²,

Popkin³

2016

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

164

122

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Background Public health organizations in the United States (US) have recently increased focus on reducing population consumption of added sugars. Objective The objective of this study is to provide in-depth information on national trends in added sugars consumption and examine both the mean and the distribution of added sugars intake from 1977 to 2012. Design We conducted a descriptive study using 6 cross-sectional nationally representative surveys of food intake in the United States: the 1977–1978 National Food Consumption Survey (NFCS; n = 29,668), the 1989–1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII; n = 14,827), the 1994–1998 CSFII (n = 19,027), the 2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n = 8,273), the 2009–2010 NHANES (n = 9,042), and the 2011–2012 NHANES (n = 16,451). Analysis We examined the key dependent variables calories from added sugars and percentage of total energy intake from added sugars at the mean and by quintiles of added sugars consumption for children (2–18 years) and adults (≥ 19 years) across the survey years. We also examined trends in added sugars intakes from foods and beverages. We used ordinary least squares regression to examine linear trends between survey years and multinomial logistic regressions to examine sociodemographics by quintile of added sugars consumption. We adjusted estimates by gender, race, income, and education. Results The US mean adjusted intake of added sugars remains high. In 2011–2012 children and adults consumed 326 kilocalories/day and 308 kilocalories/day, respectively, of added sugars, or 14% and 17%, respectively, of total their energy. For both children and adults, there was a significant increase in calories from added sugars from 1977 to 2003, followed by a significant decline from 2003 to 2012. There was no decline in the percentage of the total energy intake from added sugars from 2003 to 2012. Changes over time were consistent across each quintile of added sugars consumption. The highest quintile of consumption was more likely to be male and in children was more likely to be non-Hispanic white. Conclusion Despite a decline in consumption of added sugars since 2003 in the United States, mean adjusted added sugars intakes continue to be above the recommended level of 10% of the total energy intake. Changes in added sugars consumption from 1977 through 2012 occurred evenly across the distribution of added sugars intakes.

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“…To the best of our knowledge, no other existing US database has integrated comprehensive sales-weighted barcode-specific nutrition information into a time-specific food composition table for use with dietary intake data (Ng and Dunford, 2013; The Food Monitoring Group, 2013; Slining et al, 2015). By identifying differences in nutrient content estimated using the Crosswalk-enhanced vs standard FNDDS, our database can help identify food groups to target for updating in FNDDS; examples identified in our study include yogurt and fried potatoes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RDs made all linkages manually after reviewing the UPC’s item description, brand name, attributes, ingredients, and marketing, as described previously (Slining et al, 2015). To standardize the linkages, the research team jointly determined the decision rules to apply when matching UPCs to each FNDDS foodcode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a food composition database to monitor changes in packaged foods and beverages

Poti

Yoon

Hollingsworth

et al. 2017

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

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In order to monitor nutritional changes in the US food supply and assess potential impact on individual dietary intake, an approach was developed to enhance existing standard food composition tables with time-varying product- and brand-specific information for barcoded packaged foods. A “Crosswalk” was formed between barcoded products and USDA foodcodes in a time-specific manner, such that sales-weighted average nutritional profiles were generated for each foodcode based on corresponding products (275,000 to 350,000 per 2-year cycle). This Crosswalk-enhanced food composition table was applied to dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (cycles 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012). Total energy density of foods consumed by Americans from stores/vending was stable over time and differed by <5 kcal/100g using the Crosswalk-enhanced vs standard database. However, changes in the energy density of food groups were found utilizing the Crosswalk that were not detected using the standard database. Likewise, significant declines in energy intake from beverages among children (288±7.3 to 258±6.8 kcal/d) were found using the Crosswalk-enhanced database but were non-significant using the standard database. The Crosswalk approach can potentially augment national nutrition surveys by utilizing commercial food purchase and nutrient databases to capture changes in the nutrient content of packaged foods.

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An Approach to Monitor Food and Nutrition from “Factory to Fork”

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013,

Trends in racial/ethnic and income disparities in foods and beverages consumed and purchased from stores among US households with children, 2000–2013,

Added Sugars Intake Across the Distribution of US Children and Adult Consumers: 1977-2012

Development of a food composition database to monitor changes in packaged foods and beverages

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