An approach to alternative strategies to control avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis

Adhikari, Pratima; Kiess, Aaron S.; Adhikari, Roshan; Jha, Rajesh

doi:10.1016/j.japr.2019.11.005

Cited by 107 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 111 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As anticipated, the performance in the PC group was most adversely affected. These results are consistent with those of [ 66 ] who showed that Eimeria -infected birds exhibited a significant reduction of body weight and feed consumption compared with uninfected birds due to coccidiosis infection, resulting in poor nutrient absorption and decreased immune response and consequently intestinal tissue injury [ 67 ]. However, the results indicated that the BW, FCR, PI, and the production efficacy of the RN- and Sacox-treated groups were negatively affected ( p < 0.05) by the coccidia challenge compared to those in the NC group that resulted in reduced weight gain due to coccidiosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst

Qaid

Al-Mufarrej

Azzam

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Coccidiosis a huge economic burden in poultry farms where the pathogen Eimeria harms animal well-being and survival. Besides synthetic anti-coccidial drugs, natural herbs appear to be an alternative way to prevent avian coccidiosis. Rumex nervosus (RN), a phytogenic shrub, has received considerable attention in recent years due to its significant anti-microbial effects; however, limited knowledge exists about its potential anti-coccidial functions. This study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic activities of RN leaf powder in broilers infected with Eimeria tenella. Infected chickens received a commercial diet containing 1, 3, or 5 g RN powder/kg diet compared to infected broilers that treated with Sacox (PC) or compared to uninfected broilers that received a commercial diet alone (NC). Results showed that RN powder significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lesion scores and suppressed the output of oocysts per gram (OPG) in chickens’ feces. Although RN was unable to minimize the weight gain loss due to emeriosis, RN at level 1 g improved the feed conversion ratio. Therefore, RN powder, at 5 g, possesses moderate anti-coccidial effects and hence could be used to treat avian coccidiosis in field conditions; however, further studies are required to investigate, in vitro or in vivo, the anti-coccidial potential of active ingredients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst

Qaid

Al-Mufarrej

Azzam

et al. 2021

Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A hypothesis explaining the underlying reason for these observed differences is based on the Eimeria life cycle. It has been suggested that the epithelial damage, induction of mucogenesis or serum leakage are the underlying reasons for the predisposing nature of a coccidiosis infection ( Timbermont et al., 2011 ; Adhikari et al., 2020 ). The exact time point during the Eimeria life cycle which is responsible for this phenomenon is however unclear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Note: The administration schedule of coccidia is a major determinant in broiler necrotic enteritis models

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A reliable and reproducible in vivo experimental model is an essential tool to study the pathogenesis of broiler necrotic enteritis and to evaluate control methods. Most current in vivo models use Eimeria as predisposing factor. Nevertheless, most models only result in a limited number of animals with intestinal necrosis. This research describes the necrotic enteritis incidence and severity using 2 previously described experimental models varying in the time point and frequency of Eimeria administration: single late and early repeated Eimeria administration models. In an in vivo model in which Clostridium perfringens is administered at 3 consecutive days between day 18 and 20 of age, birds belonging to the single late Eimeria administration regimen received a single administration of a tenfold dose of a live attenuated Eimeria vaccine on the second day of C. perfringens challenge. Broilers belonging to the early repeated administration regimen were inoculated with the same Eimeria vaccine 4 and 2 d before the start of the C. perfringens challenge. Early repeated coccidial administration resulted in a significant increase in average necrotic lesion score (value 3.26) as compared with a single late Eimeria administration regimen (value 1.2). In addition, the number of necrotic enteritis–positive animals was significantly higher in the group that received the early repeated coccidial administration. Single Eimeria administration during C. perfringens challenge resulted in a skewed distribution of lesion scoring with hardly any birds in the high score categories. A more centered distribution was obtained with the early repeated Eimeria administration regimen, having observations in every lesion score category. These findings allow better standardization of a subclinical necrotic enteritis model and reduction of the required numbers of experimental animals.

show abstract

“…Enteric diseases have become one of the prime concerns in the poultry industry after the exclusion of AGP. The industry has been suffering from unsatisfactory production efficiency, bacterial overgrowth in the small intestines, nutrient malabsorption, and associated food contamination [ 6 , 7 ]. Several feed additives in poultry have been tried as an alternative to AGP with varying degrees of success [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbials) in Poultry Nutrition and Their Effects on Nutrient Utilization, Growth and Laying Performance, and Gut Health: A Systematic Review

Jha

Das

Oak

et al. 2020

Animals

187

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host. The use of probiotics in poultry has increased steadily over the years due to higher demand for antibiotic-free poultry. The objective of this systematic review is to present and evaluate the effects of probiotics on the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, gut histomorphology, immunity, and gut microbiota of poultry. An electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords to include papers pertinent to the topic. Seventeen commonly used probiotic species were critically assessed for their roles in the performance and gut health of poultry under existing commercial production conditions. The results showed that probiotic supplementation could have the following effects: (1) modification of the intestinal microbiota, (2) stimulation of the immune system, (3) reduction in inflammatory reactions, (4) prevention of pathogen colonization, (5) enhancement of growth performance, (6) alteration of the ileal digestibility and total tract apparent digestibility coefficient, and (7) decrease in ammonia and urea excretion. Thus, probiotics can serve as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production. However, factors such as the intestinal health condition of birds, the probiotic inclusion level; and the incubation conditions, feedstuff, and water quality offered to birds may affect the outcome. This systematic review provides a summary of the use of probiotics in poultry production, as well as the potential role of probiotics in the nutrient utilization, growth and laying performance, and gut health of poultry.

show abstract

An approach to alternative strategies to control avian coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis

Cited by 107 publications

References 111 publications

Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst

Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst

Research Note: The administration schedule of coccidia is a major determinant in broiler necrotic enteritis models

Probiotics (Direct-Fed Microbials) in Poultry Nutrition and Their Effects on Nutrient Utilization, Growth and Laying Performance, and Gut Health: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About