An approach to a black carbon emission inventory for Mexico by two methods

Cruz-Núñez, Xóchitl

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.064

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The major sources of BC emissions are the domestic sector and traffic (Cruz‐Núñez, 2014), and a large part of Mexican BC originates from urban metropolitan areas that are located on elevated territory. For instance, the altitude of Mexico City is over 2,200 m, and Guadalajara and Monterrey are located at altitudes of 1,500 and 500 m, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Radiative Forcings of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions From Chile and Mexico

et al. 2021

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Short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) are compounds that originate either from natural sources or human activity. In broad terms, SLCFs are atmospheric compounds that can have a substantial effect on the climate and global warming, but have a relatively short atmospheric lifetime of a few days to a decade compared to long-lived greenhouse gases (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO 2 ]) which can have lifetimes of hundreds of years. SLCFs include both gaseous compounds such as methane (CH 4 ) and hydrofluorocarbons, and aerosols such as black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and sulfate (Stohl et al., 2015;UNEP, 2011).Out of all SLCFs, especially BC and CH 4 are attributed a warming effect on the climate, as they absorb shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation, respectively (Smith & Mizrahi, 2013). In addition, many SLCFs, including BC, OC, and sulfate, contribute to air pollution, which has become a central issue in most of the metropolitan areas worldwide (Krzyzanowski et al., 2014). Recently, Burnett et al. (2018) suggested that outdoor particulate air pollution could be attributable to 8.9 million deaths globally in 2015, whereas some previous estimates lie between 2 and 4 million annually (Forouzanfar et al., 2016;Silva et al., 2013). Consequently, SLCF mitigation is seen as an attractive option to improve local air quality, and mitigation of particularly warming SLCF is seen as an option to "buy time" for adapting to global warming (Bowerman et al., 2013;CCAC & UNEP, 2016).BC is a SLCF that is assumed to play a major role in global warming (AMAP, 2015;Bond et al., 2013). However, many recent studies found that the warming effect of BC aerosol might be lower than originally estimated (

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Radiative Forcings of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions From Chile and Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…The maximum emission of BC in Beijing reached 85.0 Gg in 2000 . The emission of BC in Mexico has been expected to reach 99 Gg in 2010 . Importantly, BC exposure can cause lung diseases, such as pneumonia and asthma, , and heart diseases, such as high blood pressure, heart rate variability, impaired blood vessel function, and impaired heart function. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1,4-Naphthoquinone-Coated Black Carbon, a Kind of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter, Affects Macrophage Fate: New Insights into Crosstalk between Necroptosis and Macrophage Extracellular Traps

Cui

Xiao

Yuan

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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1,4-Naphthoquinone-coated BC (1,4 NQ-BC) is an important component of PM2.5 and a representative secondary particle. However, there is no research on the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and macrophage extracellular traps (METs) after 1,4 NQ-BC exposure. In this study, we treated RAW264.7 cells with 50, 100, and 200 mg/L 1,4 NQ-BC for 24 h, with 10 μM necrostatin-1 for 24 h, and with 2.5 μM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 3 h. Our experiment revealed that under normal physiological conditions, when macrophages receive external stimuli (such as pathogens; in this experiment, PMA), they will form METs and capture and kill pathogens, thus exerting innate immune function. However, exposure to 1,4 NQ-BC can cause necroptosis in macrophages, accompanied by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytosolic calcium ions, as well as the expression disorder of inflammatory factors and chemokines, prevent the formation of METs, lead to loss of the function of capturing and killing pathogens, and weaken the innate immune function. Notably, inhibition of necroptosis restored the formation of METs, indicating that necroptosis inhibited the formation of METs. Our study was the first to explore the crosstalk mechanism between necroptosis and METs. This experiment will enrich the mechanism of macrophage injury caused by 1,4 NQ-BC exposure.

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“…The other one is known as "top-down approach," that employs the fuel consumption data and EFs, which are highly dependent on the combustion technologies. Because of this, the method has been considered highly uncertain by some authors (Cruz-Núñez, 2014). Nevertheless, the bottom-up method has been assessed as one which underestimates the BC emission rates on energy-related burning and open biomass burning (Bond et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GHG and black carbon emission inventories from Mezquital Valley: The main energy provider for Mexico Megacity

Montelongo-Reyes

Otazo-Sánchez

Romo-Gómez

et al. 2015

Science of The Total Environment

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An approach to a black carbon emission inventory for Mexico by two methods

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing the Radiative Forcings of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions From Chile and Mexico

Comparing the Radiative Forcings of the Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions From Chile and Mexico

1,4-Naphthoquinone-Coated Black Carbon, a Kind of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter, Affects Macrophage Fate: New Insights into Crosstalk between Necroptosis and Macrophage Extracellular Traps

GHG and black carbon emission inventories from Mezquital Valley: The main energy provider for Mexico Megacity

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