An approach of DOA-Estimation Accuracy Improving via Conformal Antenna Arrays with Directional Emitters

Modeling and numerical analysis of volume array radiation pattern impact on 2D‐DOA estimation accuracy considering arrays' aperture angle

“…From the normal of a phased array at the pointing angle θ, the maximum gain of phased array directivity can be computed by (20) as the array (A)'s area projection onto a plane characterized as the ordinary to the pointing angle θ. The Equation ( 20) can be expanded to predict the highest expectable gain of a given volume array if the array is designed by N elements or subarray facets (21).…”

“…Where the αi is the angle between the array's plane and element, and the A i represents the area of element or subarray and as a result, it can be said that the Equation (21) gives the volume array projection onto a plane specified in the same method as the Equation (20).…”

“…19 Considering the conducted researches, the received signal by array antenna has not been modeled taking the radiation patterns of each array element into account and the radiation pattern is generally considered to be a theoretical mathematical model, common to all array elements. In some recent works the DOAE has been carried out using directive elements through a volume array structure and in, [20][21][22][23] the generic methods of using directional elements in volume array antennas for DOAE have been discussed. It should be noted that most of the works conducted in the DOAE and multi-objective beam pattern optimization are related to the linear, circular and planar structures regardless of the array structure radiation pattern impact on the estimation results [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and only a limited number of works have examined and compared the effect of different structure radiation patterns on the 2D-DOA-E accuracy especially in the angles approaching the horizon.…”