An Approach for Water and Energy Savings in Public Buildings: A Case Study of Brazilian Rail Company

Abstract

Water scarcity is a current problem in many parts of the planet and there is a worldwide concern about water availability to meet future water demand. In countries like Brazil, where most of the electricity is produced by hydroelectric power plants, water scarcity directly impacts energy production. The water–energy nexus is directly related and impacted by CO2 emissions and its climate consequences, which calls to a broader approach: energy–carbon–water nexus. In this context, the Sustainable Water and Energy Consumption (SWEC) Program was developed to mitigate water and energy supply problems in a railway company in Brazil. The actions took place in four main areas: (a) users conscientization, (b) consumption diagnosis, (c) indicators for evaluating water and energy consumption, and (d) evaluation of implementing alternative cleaner water and energy sources. The per capita consumption of water and energy were reduced by 10% and 19%, respectively. Permanent results were achieved by the SWEC Program, such as the acquisition of two photovoltaic systems with a total capacity of 96.5 kWp. The investment made provided an average monthly reduction in energy consumption of 56% in 2022. This work contributed to the UN Agenda 2030 and the findings may help companies and industries, and other institutions, such as universities and schools, to improve their water and electricity consumption.

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Calculation for Urban Rail Transit Systems: The Case of Pernambuco Metro

“…However, there is still significant potential for energy savings in the operation phase, particularly in stations and central buildings that could utilize solar energy. The northeastern region of Pernambuco, located close to the equator, receives abundant sunlight throughout the year, making solar energy a viable renewable option [55]. Implementing more efficient ventilation structures in metro stations and using energy-saving lighting solutions like LED lights can effectively reduce emissions from these stations [53].…”

“…Additionally, managing energy consumption in stations and administrative buildings can further decrease GHG emissions. Mariko's research, which implemented a conscious and sustainable energy consumption program in a Brazilian Northeast railway system, achieved a 56% reduction in monthly electricity consumption and over 50% in GHG emissions [55]. Applying energy-saving techniques like this can be beneficial in reducing traction emissions in Brazilian railway systems.…”

Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Railways: Systematic Review of Research Progress

“…The research details the approach taken, including the implementation of measures such as rainwater harvesting, the installation of watersaving devices, and the use of renewable energy systems. The specific case study in the Brazilian railway company demonstrates the results obtained from the implementation of these measures, both in terms of financial savings and the reduction of natural resource consumption and GHG emissions [85].…”