Abstract:Commercial vehicles are mostly equipped with pneumatic spring elements which lead to a perfect height levelling and spring rate adjustment under different loading conditions. However, pneumatic springs are not common in light commercial vehicles where passive spring elements, e.g. single- and multi-leaf springs, are still be used. Since those vehicles are covering a wide range of different loads the spring elements frequently exhibit a progressive spring characteristic, i.e. the spring rate is adjusted under d… Show more
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