The sections in this article are:
Protein Chemistry of Amylin
Isolation, Structure, Nomenclature, and Evolutionary Relationships
Chemical Synthesis
Molecular Structure of Soluble Amylin
Amylin as the Monomer of Islet Amyloid
Molecular Biology
Preproamylin
Structure and Chromosomal Location of the Human Amylin Gene
A Disease‐Associated Mutation in Human Amylin
Biosynthesis and Secretion of Amylin
Measurement of Amylin Concentrations
Tissue Localization and Content
Regulation of Biosynthesis
Amylin in Extra‐Islet Tissues
Circulating Concentrations and Pancreatic Secretion
Effects of Secretion Modulators
Amylin Secretion in Humans
The Amylin Family: Role in the Regulation of Fuel Metabolism
Insulin Resistance In Vivo
Actions in Skeletal Muscle
Role of Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
Actions in the Liver
Adipose Tissue
Regulation of Pancreatic Function
Endocrine Pancreas
Exocrine Pancreas
Regulation of The Gastrointestinal Tract
Effects on Gastric Function
Intestinal Function
Actions in The Central Nervous System: Modulation of Appetite
Actions in The Cardiovascular System
Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide
Adrenomedullin
Biological Actions of Adrenomedullin in the Cardiovascular System
Vascular Actions of Amylin
Renal Function
Role of Amylin in the Regulation of Renal Function
Adrenomedullin: Roles in Renal Function and Sodium Homeostasis
Effects on Calcium Metabolism and Bone
Actions of Amylin
Other Biological Actions
Respiratory System
Effects in Endocrine Tissues Other than Pancreas
Effects in the Immune System
Receptors for Amylin and Related Proteins
Receptor Nomenclature
Pharmacological and Biochemical Studies
Calcitonin Receptors
Specific Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Binding Sites that Can Interact with Amylin
Amylin Binding to Skeletal Muscle and Liver
Biochemical Characterization of Putative Amylin and Calcitonin Gene‐Related Peptide Receptors
Disease Associations
Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Animal Models of Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Diabetes
Obesity and Non‐Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Humans
Other Diabetic Syndromes
Amylin in Endocrine Neoplasms
Relationship to Aging
Other Diseases
Conclusion and Future Prospects