An approach for characterising electrical conductivity of cement-admixed clays

Ng, Yannick Choy Hing; Kek, Hardy Yide; Hu, Xinping; Wong, Liang Ning; Teo, Sharlene; Ku, Taeseo; Lee, Fook Hou

doi:10.1016/j.sandf.2022.101127

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The electrical resistivity increases with the test time in Figure 1 b . This is consistent with the literature ( 48 , 52 , 61 ). As the test time increases, more hydration and pozzolanic products are formed, pore fluid conductivity increases, pore sizes decrease, and a more solid, interconnected dense structure is produced, which increases soil electrical resistivity.…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Figure 6 shows the treated soils’ pH, pore fluid conductivity, and water content. The pH and the pore fluid conductivity increase with lime content and test time ( 52 ). However, assessing the test results in Figure 6, the electrical conductivity change magnitude depends on the initial lime/water content, mineralogical composition (Figure 4), SSA (Table 1), and test time.…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies showed that several variables, including soil type, degree of saturation, porosity, pore fluid conductivity, curing duration, and so forth, affect the soil electrical resistivity of both lime and cement-stabilized soils ( 7 , 48 – 51 ). According to previous studies on soil electrical resistivity, there is no universally acknowledged method for describing the resistivity of lime and cement-stabilized clayey soils ( 52 ). In contrast to natural soils and rocks, where Archie’s ( 53 ) law is applied, lime and cement-stabilized clay exhibit different electrical resistivity that changes with time ( 54 , 55 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of a Quicklime-Stabilized Clay Subgrade Using a Resistivity Plate Loading Testing Device

Ackah

Yang

Feng

2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Quicklime-mixing in soil stabilization applications for subgrade construction is crucial to its engineering performance and controlling quicklime and water content. Modern construction quality control devices and methods have improved construction quality control substantially. Certain devices, meanwhile, still need to be studied more thoroughly. This study used the resistivity plate loading device to assess the physical and stiffness properties of compacted quicklime-stabilized subgrade instantaneously and simultaneously for compaction quality control. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array was used to design the experiment considering the dry density, test time, quicklime, and water content at various input factor levels. The pH, cation exchange capacity, conductivity, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were further conducted. Analysis of the Taguchi experiment shows that the average soil electrical resistivity responses increased with dry density, test time, and quicklime content, and were highest at low water content. Whether the dry density, quicklime content, and test time are positively or negatively related to the average subgrade reaction modulus depends on the level of the water content. Regression equations are proposed to predict the average subgrade reaction modulus and soil electrical resistivity. The tested soils’ pH, conductivity, and cation ion exchange capacity properties were directly related to the test time, water, and quicklime content. The XRD showed nearly similar X-ray diffraction peaks. The SEM analysis confirmed marked changes in the microstructure of the samples that explained the changes in electrical resistivity and subgrade reaction modulus responses. The test results show that the resistivity plate loading device efficiently assesses compacted quicklime’s stiffness and physical properties at ease and instantaneously.

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Section: Results Analysis and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of a Quicklime-Stabilized Clay Subgrade Using a Resistivity Plate Loading Testing Device

Ackah

Yang

Feng

2023

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…Lime and original Portland cement (OPC) can be used for ground improvement and high-grade road construction [2][3][4][5][6][7] . The OPC has been used to improve the quality of soilcement [8][9][10][11][12][13] . Cement treatment can therefore help to maintain project timelines and minimize the impacts of gap-graded soil on pavement design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calcium Carbonate Sludge on Cement-Stabilized Subgrade Quality as Investigated by means of Electrical Resistivity Measurements

Wiwattanachang

Vichalai

Giao

2023

Preprint

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Calcium carbonate [CaCO3] is a key raw material used in the clarification of sugarcane juice for syrup production. The CaCO3 sludge produced during the clarification process is a waste that needs to be stored, creating a geoenvironmental problem. On the other hand, it has been found that cement-stabilized subgrade is a suitable alternative for improving the quality of a subgrade course. This study aimed to investigate the influence of calcium carbonate sludge on the quality of the subgrade. The subgrade was composed of a mixture of 10–30% CaCO3 sludge, 1–3% of original Portland cement (OPC), and 67–100% of unqualified crushed rocks by weight. Modified proctor method was used to compact soil- cement admixture samples, which were then tested for mechanical properties and electrical resistivity. Electrical resistivity measurement using the Wenner electrode array was compared with unconfined compressive strength for 13 mix designs of soil-cement at a 7-day curing time. Experimental results show that the basic properties of CaCO3 sludge, when mixed and compacted with OPC, can produce the highest quality soil-cement. As a result of this study, electrical resistivity was found to be in good correlation with unconfined compressive strength, thus opening up a time-saving and cost-effective way to check the quality of soil-cement

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Investigation of the Influence of Unburnt Carbon and Aggregate Type on Electrical Resistivity of Cement Mortar

Hemalatha

Sangoju

Vasudevan

2022

J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A

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An approach for characterising electrical conductivity of cement-admixed clays

Cited by 7 publications

References 62 publications

Experimental Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of a Quicklime-Stabilized Clay Subgrade Using a Resistivity Plate Loading Testing Device

Experimental Evaluation of Stiffness Properties of a Quicklime-Stabilized Clay Subgrade Using a Resistivity Plate Loading Testing Device

Influence of Calcium Carbonate Sludge on Cement-Stabilized Subgrade Quality as Investigated by means of Electrical Resistivity Measurements

Investigation of the Influence of Unburnt Carbon and Aggregate Type on Electrical Resistivity of Cement Mortar

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